1.0.0.3 false Derivative instruments false 1 $ false false Shares Standard http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance shares xbrli 0 USD Standard http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217 USD iso4217 0 USDEPS Divide http://www.xbrl.org/2003/iso4217 USD iso4217 http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance shares xbrli 0 2 0 us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgesAbstract us-gaap true na duration string No definition available. false false false false false true false false false 1 false false 0 0 false false No definition available. false 3 1 us-gaap_DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock us-gaap true na duration string No definition available. false false false false false false false false false 1 false false 0 0 <!--DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd" --> <!-- Begin Block Tagged Note 5 - us-gaap:DerivativeInstrumentsAndHedgingActivitiesDisclosureTextBlock--> <div style="font-family: Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif"> <div style="position: relative"> <div align="left" style="font-size: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt"><b>Note 5 &#8211; Derivative instruments</b> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">Derivative instruments enable end-users to modify or mitigate exposure to credit or market risks. Counterparties to a derivative contract seek to obtain risks and rewards similar to those that could be obtained from purchasing or selling a related cash instrument without having to exchange the full purchase or sales price upfront. JPMorgan Chase makes markets in derivatives for customers and also uses derivatives to hedge or manage risks of market exposures. The majority of the Firm&#8217;s derivatives are entered into for market-making purposes. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><i>Trading derivatives</i> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt">The Firm transacts in a variety of derivatives in its trading portfolios to meet the needs of customers (both dealers and clients) and to generate revenue through this trading activity. The Firm makes markets in derivatives for its customers (collectively, &#8220;client derivatives&#8221;), seeking to mitigate or modify interest rate, credit, foreign exchange, equity and commodity risks. The Firm actively manages the risks from its exposure to these derivatives by entering into other derivative transactions or by purchasing or selling other financial instruments that partially or fully offset the exposure from client derivatives. The Firm also seeks to earn a spread between the client derivatives and offsetting positions, and from the remaining open risk positions. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><i>Risk management derivatives</i> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt">The Firm manages its market exposures using various derivative instruments. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">Interest rate contracts are used to minimize fluctuations in earnings that are caused by changes in interest rates. Fixed-rate assets and liabilities appreciate or depreciate in market value as interest rates change. Similarly, interest income and expense increase or decrease as a result of variable-rate assets and liabilities resetting to current market rates, and as a result of the repayment and subsequent origination or issuance of fixed-rate assets and liabilities at current market rates. Gains or losses on the derivative instruments that are related to such assets and liabilities are expected to substantially offset this variability in earnings. The Firm generally uses interest rate swaps, forwards and futures to manage the impact of interest rate fluctuations on earnings. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">Foreign currency forward contracts are used to manage the foreign exchange risk associated with certain foreign currency&#8211;denominated (i.e., non-U.S.) assets and liabilities and forecasted transactions, as well as the Firm&#8217;s net investments in certain non-U.S. subsidiaries or branches whose functional currencies are not the U.S. dollar. As a result of fluctuations in foreign currencies, the U.S. dollar&#8211;equivalent values of the foreign currency&#8211;denominated assets and liabilities or forecasted revenue or expense increase or decrease. Gains or losses on the derivative instruments related to these foreign currency&#8212;denominated assets or liabilities, or forecasted transactions, are expected to substantially offset this variability. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">Commodities based forward and futures contracts are used to manage the price risk of certain inventory, including gold and base metals, in the Firm&#8217;s commodities portfolio. Gains or losses on the forwards and futures are expected to substantially offset the depreciation or appreciation of the related inventory. Also in the commodities portfolio, electricity and natural gas futures and forwards contracts are used to manage price risk associated with energy-related tolling and load-serving contracts and investments. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">The Firm uses credit derivatives to manage the counterparty credit risk associated with loans and lending-related commitments. Credit derivatives compensate the purchaser when the entity referenced in the contract experiences a credit event, such as bankruptcy or a failure to pay an obligation when due. 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For most derivative transactions, the notional amount does not change hands; it is used simply as a reference to calculate payments. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><i>Accounting for derivatives</i> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt">All free-standing derivatives are required to be recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair value. The accounting for changes in value of a derivative depends on whether or not the contract has been designated and qualifies for hedge accounting. Derivatives that are not designated as hedges are marked to market through earnings. The tabular disclosures on pages 169&#8211;175 of this Note provide additional information on the amount of, and reporting for, derivative assets, liabilities, gains and losses. For further discussion of derivatives embedded in structured notes, see Notes 3 and 4 on pages 148&#8211;165 and 165&#8211;167, respectively, of this Annual Report. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><i>Derivatives designated as hedges</i> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt">The Firm applies hedge accounting to certain derivatives executed for risk management purposes &#8212; typically interest rate, foreign exchange and gold and base metal derivatives, as described above. JPMorgan Chase does not seek to apply hedge accounting to all of the derivatives involved in the Firm&#8217;s risk management activities. For example, the Firm does not apply hedge accounting to purchased credit default swaps used to manage the credit risk of loans and commitments, because of the difficulties in qualifying such contracts as hedges. For the same reason, the Firm does not apply hedge accounting to certain interest rate derivatives used for risk management purposes, or to commodity derivatives used to manage the price risk of tolling and load-serving contracts. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">To qualify for hedge accounting, a derivative must be highly effective at reducing the risk associated with the exposure being hedged. In addition, for a derivative to be designated as a hedge, the risk management objective and strategy must be documented. Hedge documentation must identify the derivative hedging instrument, the asset or liability and type of risk to be hedged, and how the effectiveness of the derivative is assessed prospectively and retrospectively. To assess effectiveness, the Firm uses statistical methods such as regression analysis, as well as nonstatistical methods including dollar-value comparisons of the change in the fair value of the derivative to the change in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item. The extent to which a derivative has been, and is expected to continue to be, effective at offsetting changes in the fair value or cash flows of the hedged item must be assessed and documented at least quarterly. Any hedge ineffectiveness (i.e., the amount by which the gain or loss on the designated derivative instrument does not exactly offset the gain or loss on the hedged item attributable to the hedged risk) must be reported in current-period earnings. If it is determined that a derivative is not highly effective at hedging the designated exposure, hedge accounting is discontinued. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">There are three types of hedge accounting designations: fair value hedges, cash flow hedges and net investment hedges. JPMorgan Chase uses fair value hedges primarily to hedge fixed-rate long-term debt, available-for-sale (&#8220;AFS&#8221;) securities and gold and base metal inventory. For qualifying fair value hedges, the changes in the fair value of the derivative, and in the value of the hedged item, for the risk being hedged, are recognized in earnings. If the hedge relationship is terminated, then the fair value adjustment to the hedged item continues to be reported as part of the basis of the hedged item and for interest-bearing instruments is amortized to earnings as a yield adjustment. Derivative amounts affecting earnings are recognized consistent with the classification of the hedged item &#8211; primarily net interest income and principal transactions revenue. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">JPMorgan Chase uses cash flow hedges to hedge the exposure to variability in cash flows from floating-rate financial instruments and forecasted transactions, primarily the rollover of short-term assets and liabilities, and foreign currency&#8212;denominated revenue and expense. For qualifying cash flow hedges, the effective portion of the change in the fair value of the derivative is recorded in other comprehensive income/(loss) (&#8220;OCI&#8221;) and recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income when the hedged cash flows affect earnings. Derivative amounts affecting earnings are recognized consistent with the classification of the hedged item &#8211; primarily interest income, interest expense, noninterest revenue and compensation expense. The ineffective portions of cash flow hedges are immediately recognized in earnings. If the hedge relationship is terminated, then the value of the derivative recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (&#8220;AOCI&#8221;) is recognized in earnings when the cash flows that were hedged affect earnings. 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The Firm also receives and delivers collateral at the initiation of derivative transactions, which is available as security against potential exposure that could arise should the fair value of the transactions move in the Firm&#8217;s or client&#8217;s favor, respectively. Furthermore, the Firm and its counterparties hold collateral related to contracts that have a non-daily call frequency for collateral to be posted, and collateral that the Firm or a counterparty has agreed to return but has not yet settled as of the reporting date. At December&#160;31, 2009, the Firm had received $16.9&#160;billion and delivered $5.8&#160;billion of such additional collateral. 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The seller of credit protection receives a premium for providing protection but has the risk that the underlying instrument referenced in the contract will be subject to a credit event. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt">The Firm is both a purchaser and seller of protection in the credit derivatives market and uses these derivatives for two primary purposes. First, in its capacity as a market-maker in the dealer/client business, the Firm actively risk manages a portfolio of credit derivatives by purchasing and selling credit protection, predominantly on corporate debt obligations, to meet the needs of customers. As a seller of protection, the Firm&#8217;s exposure to a given reference entity may be offset partially, or entirely, with a contract to purchase protection from another counterparty on the same or similar reference entity. Second, the Firm uses credit derivatives to mitigate credit risk associated with its overall derivative receivables and traditional commercial credit lending exposures (loans and unfunded commitments) as well as to manage its exposure to residential and commercial mortgages. See Note 3 on pages 148&#8212;165 of this Annual Report for further information on the Firm&#8217;s mortgage-related exposures. In accomplishing the above, the Firm uses different types of credit derivatives. Following is a summary of various types of credit derivatives. </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 6pt"><i>Credit default swaps</i> </div> <div align="left" style="font-size: 10pt; margin-top: 0pt">Credit derivatives may reference the credit of either a single reference entity (&#8220;single-name&#8221;) or a broad-based index, as described further below. The Firm purchases and sells protection on both single- name and index-reference obligations. 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