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<p style="margin-top: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman;" class="_mt" size="2"><b>8. COLLABORATIVE ARRANGEMENTS </b></font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 6px; text-indent: 32px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman;" class="_mt" size="2">From time to time, as a result of entering into strategic collaborations, we may hold investments in non-public companies. We review our interests in investee companies for consolidation and/or appropriate disclosure based on applicable guidance. Contractual terms which provide us control over an entity may require us to consolidate the entity. Entities consolidated because they are controlled by means other than a majority voting interest are referred to as variable interest entities (VIE). We assess whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE based on our power to direct the activities of the VIE that most significantly impact the VIE's economic performance and our obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. As of March 31, 2011, we determined that certain of our investee companies are VIEs; however, other than with respect to our joint ventures with BMS, we are not the primary beneficiary and therefore do not consolidate these investees. </font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 1px;"> </p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman;" class="_mt" size="2"><b>Bristol-Myers Squibb Company </b></font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 6px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman;" class="_mt" size="2"><i>North America </i></font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 6px; text-indent: 32px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman;" class="_mt" size="2">In December 2004, we entered into a collaboration arrangement with BMS in the United States to develop and commercialize a single-tablet regimen containing our Truvada and BMS's Sustiva (efavirenz), which we sell as Atripla. The collaboration is structured as a joint venture and operates as a limited liability company named Bristol-Myers Squibb & Gilead Sciences, LLC, which we consolidate. The ownership interests of the joint venture and thus the sharing of product revenue and costs reflect the respective economic interests of BMS and Gilead and are based on the proportions of the net selling price of Atripla attributable to efavirenz and Truvada. Since the net selling price for Truvada may change over time relative to the net selling price of efavirenz, both BMS's and our respective economic interests in the joint venture may vary annually. </font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 12px; text-indent: 32px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman;" class="_mt" size="2">We share marketing and sales efforts with BMS and both parties are obligated to provide equivalent sales force efforts for a minimum number of years. Under the terms of the agreement, after the first quarter of 2011, the parties will only share in a limited number of activities in the United States that will be jointly managed. The parties will continue to collaborate on activities such as manufacturing, regulatory, compliance and pharmacovigilance. We are responsible for accounting, financial reporting, tax reporting, manufacturing and product distribution for the joint venture. Both parties provide their respective bulk active pharmaceutical ingredients to the joint venture at their approximate market values. In July 2006, the joint venture received approval from the FDA to sell Atripla in the United States. In September 2006, we and BMS amended the joint venture's collaboration agreement to allow the joint venture to sell Atripla into Canada and in October 2007, the joint venture received approval from Health Canada to sell Atripla in Canada. As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, the joint venture held efavirenz active pharmaceutical ingredient which it purchased from BMS at BMS's estimated net selling price of efavirenz in the U.S. market. These amounts are included in inventories on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, total assets held by the joint venture were $<font class="_mt">1.56</font> billion and $<font class="_mt">1.45</font> billion, respectively, and consisted primarily of cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable (including intercompany receivables with Gilead) and inventories. As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, total liabilities held by the joint venture were $ <font class="_mt">947.2</font> million and $<font class="_mt">759.5</font> million, respectively, and consisted primarily of accounts payable (including intercompany payables with Gilead) and other accrued expenses. These asset and liability amounts do not reflect the impact of intercompany eliminations that are included in our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. Although we are the primary beneficiary of the joint venture, the legal structure of the joint venture limits the recourse that its creditors will have over our general credit or assets. </font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman;" class="_mt" size="2"><i>Europe </i></font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 6px; text-indent: 32px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman;" class="_mt" size="2">In December 2007, Gilead Sciences Limited (GSL), a wholly-owned subsidiary in Ireland, and BMS entered into a collaboration arrangement to commercialize and distribute Atripla in the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway and Switzerland (collectively, the European Territory). The parties formed a limited liability company which we consolidate, to manufacture Atripla for distribution in the European Territory using efavirenz that it purchases from BMS at BMS's estimated net selling price of efavirenz in the European Territory. We are responsible for product distribution, inventory management and warehousing. Through our local subsidiaries, we have primary responsibility for order fulfillment, collection of receivables, customer relations and handling of sales returns in all the territories where we co-promote Atripla with BMS. We are also responsible for accounting, financial reporting and tax reporting for the collaboration. In December 2007, the European Commission approved Atripla for sale in the European Union. As of March 31, 2011 and December 31, 2010, efavirenz purchased from BMS at BMS's estimated net selling price of efavirenz in the European Territory is included in inventories on our Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. </font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 12px; text-indent: 32px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman;" class="_mt" size="2">The parties also formed a limited liability company to hold the marketing authorization for Atripla in Europe. We have primary responsibility for regulatory activities and we share marketing and sales efforts with BMS. In the major market countries, both parties have agreed to provide equivalent sales force efforts. Revenue and cost sharing is based on the relative ratio of the respective net selling prices of Truvada and efavirenz. </font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 18px; margin-bottom: 0px; font-size: 1px;"> </p>
<p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman;" class="_mt" size="2"><b>Yale School of Medicine </b></font></p>
<p style="margin-top: 6px; text-indent: 32px; margin-bottom: 0px;"><font style="font-family: Times New Roman;" class="_mt" size="2">In March 2011, we announced the formation of a multi-year research collaboration with the Yale School of Medicine (Yale), focused on the discovery of novel cancer therapies. The research effort will initially span four years with an option to renew for up to ten years. We will provide $<font class="_mt">40</font> million in research support and basic science infrastructure development during the initial four-year period, and will provide a total of up to $<font class="_mt">100</font> million over ten years should the collaboration be extended through that timeframe. We will have the first option to license Yale inventions that result from the collaboration. Expenses related to this collaboration agreement commenced in April 2011 and will be recorded as part of research and development expenses on our Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income. </font></p> </div>8. COLLABORATIVE ARRANGEMENTS
From time to time, as a result of entering into strategic collaborations, we may hold investments in non-public companies. WefalsefalsefalsefalsefalseOtherus-types:textBlockItemTypestringDescription of collaborative arrangements in which the entity is a participant, including a) information about the nature and purpose of such arrangements; b) its rights and obligations under thereunder; c) the accounting policy for collaborative arrangements; and d) the income statement classification and amounts attributable to transactions arising from the collaborative arrangement between participants.Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef
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-Name Emerging Issues Task Force (EITF)
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