Represents net income less (i) earnings allocated to participating share awards of $ 43 million, $ 38 million and $ 46 million for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively, and (ii) dividends on preferred shares of $ 80 million , $ 62 million and nil for the years ended December 31, 2016 , 2015 and 2014 , respectively .