Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)	3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2026
Accounting Policies [Abstract]
Nature of Operations	Nature of Operations Google was incorporated in California in September 1998 and re-incorporated in the State of Delaware in August 2003. In 2015, we implemented a holding company reorganization, and as a result, Alphabet Inc. ("Alphabet") became the successor issuer to Google. We generate revenues by delivering relevant, cost-effective online advertising; cloud-based solutions that provide enterprise customers of all sizes with infrastructure, platform services, and applications; and sales of other products and services, such as fees received for subscription-based products, apps and in-app purchases, and devices.
Basis of Consolidation	Basis of Consolidation The consolidated financial statements of Alphabet include the accounts of Alphabet and entities consolidated under the variable interest and voting models. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
Unaudited Interim Financial Information	Unaudited Interim Financial Information These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP), and in our opinion, include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for fair financial statement presentation. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2026. We have made estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates. These consolidated financial statements and other information presented in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the SEC. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, except for as described below.
Use of Estimates	Use of Estimates Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates due to uncertainties. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the allowance for credit losses; contingent liabilities; fair values of financial instruments, intangible assets and goodwill; income taxes; inventory; and useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, among others. We base our estimates on assumptions, both historical and forward looking, that are believed to be reasonable, and the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
Acquired Intangible Assets	Acquired Intangible Assets Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis generally over periods ranging from one to 10 years, and are subsequently removed from the presentation of gross intangible assets and accumulated amortization once they are fully amortized.
Assets Held for Sale	Assets Held for Sale We consider assets to be held for sale in the period when all of the criteria for a qualifying plan of sale are met. Upon designation as held for sale, we record the assets at the lower of their carrying value or their estimated fair value, reduced for the cost to sell the assets, and cease depreciation. Long-lived assets classified as held for sale are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted	Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2024-03 "Income Statement: Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)" to improve the disclosures about an entity’s expenses. Upon adoption, we will be required to disclose in the notes to the financial statements a disaggregation of certain expense categories included within the relevant expense captions on the consolidated statements of income. The standard is effective for our 2027 annual period, and our interim periods beginning in 2028, with early adoption permitted. The standard can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. We are currently assessing adoption timing, the method of adoption, and the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures. In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06 "Intangibles: Goodwill and Other‒Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software" to modernize the accounting for software costs under Subtopic 350-40, Intangibles‒Goodwill and Other‒Internal-Use Software (referred to as “internal-use software”). Upon adoption, we will be required to account for internal-use software under the updated capitalization criteria. The standard is effective for our interim and annual 2028 periods, with early adoption permitted. The standard can be applied either prospectively, retrospectively, or under a modified transition approach. We are currently assessing adoption timing, the method of adoption, and the effect that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.
Prior Period Reclassifications	Prior Period Reclassifications Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.
Revenue Recognition	Revenue Backlog As of March 31, 2026, we had $467.6 billion of remaining performance obligations (“revenue backlog”), of which $462.3 billion related to Google Cloud. Revenue backlog represents commitments in customer contracts that have not yet been recognized as revenue. We expect to recognize just over 50% of the revenue backlog as revenues over the next 24 months with the remainder to be recognized thereafter. The estimated revenue backlog and timing of revenue recognition for these commitments is largely driven by contract duration, our ability to deliver in accordance with relevant contract terms, and when our customers utilize services. Revenue backlog includes related deferred revenue currently recorded as well as amounts that will be invoiced in future periods and excludes cancellable contracts and payments we make to our customers not expected to be in exchange for distinct goods and services. In the first quarter of 2026, we elected to change our reporting of revenue backlog to now also include contracts with an original expected term of one year or less. As of March 31, 2026, the portion of our revenue backlog related to contracts with an original expected term of one year or less was approximately $7.3 billion. Deferred Revenues We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance, including amounts which are refundable. Deferred revenues primarily relate to Google Cloud and Google subscriptions, platforms, and devices.
Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments	Cash equivalents and marketable equity securities are measured at fair value and classified within Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, because we use quoted prices for identical assets in active markets or inputs that are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets. Debt securities are measured at fair value and classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, because we use quoted market prices to the extent available or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs to determine fair value. Our non-marketable securities primarily consist of non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the measurement alternative. The carrying value is measured at the total initial cost plus the cumulative net upward and downward adjustments (including impairments). We account for non-marketable equity securities through which we exercise significant influence, but do not have control over the investee under the equity method. Certain of our non-marketable securities include our investments in variable interest entities (VIEs) where we are not the primary beneficiary. See Note 5 for further details on VIEs. Realized net gain (loss) on equity securities sold during the period reflects the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the equity securities at the beginning of the period or the purchase date, if later. All gains and losses, including impairments, are included as components of OI&E.
Consolidated VIEs	Consolidated VIEs We consolidate VIEs in which we hold a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary. The results of operations and financial position of these VIEs are included in our consolidated financial statements.
Segment Reporting	We report our segment results as Google Services, Google Cloud, and Other Bets: •Google Services includes products and services such as ads, Android, Chrome, devices, Google Maps, Google Play, Search, and YouTube. Google Services generates revenues primarily from advertising; fees received for consumer subscription-based products such as YouTube TV, YouTube Music and Premium, and NFL Sunday Ticket, as well as Google One; the sale of apps and in-app purchases; and devices. •Google Cloud includes infrastructure and platform services, applications, and other services for enterprise customers. Google Cloud generates revenues primarily from consumption-based fees and subscriptions received for Google Cloud Platform services, Google Workspace communication and collaboration tools, and other enterprise services. •Other Bets is a combination of multiple operating segments that are not individually material. Revenues from Other Bets are generated primarily from the sale of autonomous transportation services and internet services. Revenues, certain costs, such as costs associated with content and traffic acquisition, certain engineering activities, and devices, as well as certain operating expenses are directly attributable to our segments. Due to the integrated nature of Alphabet, other costs and expenses, such as technical infrastructure and office facilities, are managed centrally at a consolidated level. These costs, including the associated depreciation, are allocated to operating segments as a service cost generally based on usage, headcount, or revenue. Certain costs are not allocated to our segments because they represent Alphabet-level activities. These costs primarily include: •certain AI-focused shared research and development activities, including employee compensation expenses and technical infrastructure usage costs associated with the development of our general AI models; •corporate initiatives such as our philanthropic activities; and •corporate shared costs such as certain finance, human resource, and legal costs, including certain fines and settlements. Charges associated with employee severance and office space reductions are also not allocated to our segments. Additionally, hedging gains (losses) related to revenue are not allocated to our segments. Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) is our Chief Executive Officer, Sundar Pichai. Our CODM uses segment operating income (loss) to allocate resources to our segments in our annual planning process and to assess the performance of our segments, primarily by monitoring actual results versus the annual plan. Our operating segments are not evaluated using asset information. Google Services and Google Cloud employee compensation expenses include the costs associated with direct and allocated employees. Google Services and Google Cloud other costs and expenses primarily include direct costs, such as advertising and promotional activities, legal and other matters, and third-party services fees as well as allocated costs, such as technical infrastructure and office facilities usage costs. Additionally, Google Services other costs and expenses include content acquisition costs, traffic acquisition costs (TAC), and device costs.

Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)

3 Months Ended

Mar. 31, 2026

Google was incorporated in California in September 1998 and re-incorporated in the State of Delaware in August 2003. In 2015, we implemented a holding company reorganization, and as a result, Alphabet Inc. ("Alphabet") became the successor issuer to Google.

We generate revenues by delivering relevant, cost-effective online advertising; cloud-based solutions that provide enterprise customers of all sizes with infrastructure, platform services, and applications; and sales of other products and services, such as fees received for subscription-based products, apps and in-app purchases, and devices.

Basis of Consolidation

The consolidated financial statements of Alphabet include the accounts of Alphabet and entities consolidated under the variable interest and voting models. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

These unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP), and in our opinion, include all adjustments of a normal recurring nature necessary for fair financial statement presentation. Interim results are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year ending December 31, 2026. We have made estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates.

These consolidated financial statements and other information presented in this Form 10-Q should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025 filed with the SEC. There have been no material changes to our significant accounting policies from our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, except for as described below.

Use of Estimates

Preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported and disclosed in the financial statements and the accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from these estimates due to uncertainties. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate our estimates, including those related to the allowance for credit losses; contingent liabilities; fair values of financial instruments, intangible assets and goodwill; income taxes; inventory; and useful lives of intangible assets and property and equipment, among others. We base our estimates on assumptions, both historical and forward looking, that are believed to be reasonable, and the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.

Acquired Intangible Assets

Intangible assets with definite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives on a straight-line basis generally over periods ranging from one to 10 years, and are subsequently removed from the presentation of gross intangible assets and accumulated amortization once they are fully amortized.

Assets Held for Sale

We consider assets to be held for sale in the period when all of the criteria for a qualifying plan of sale are met. Upon designation as held for sale, we record the assets at the lower of their carrying value or their estimated fair value, reduced for the cost to sell the assets, and cease depreciation. Long-lived assets classified as held for sale are measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis.

Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted

In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2024-03 "Income Statement: Reporting Comprehensive Income-Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40)" to improve the disclosures about an entity’s expenses. Upon adoption, we will be required to disclose in the notes to the financial statements a disaggregation of certain expense categories included within the relevant expense captions on the consolidated statements of income. The standard is effective for our 2027 annual period, and our interim periods beginning in 2028, with early adoption permitted. The standard can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively. We are currently assessing adoption timing, the method of adoption, and the effect that the updated standard will have on our financial statement disclosures.

In September 2025, the FASB issued ASU 2025-06 "Intangibles: Goodwill and Other‒Internal-Use Software (Subtopic 350-40): Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Internal-Use Software" to modernize the accounting for software costs under Subtopic 350-40, Intangibles‒Goodwill and Other‒Internal-Use Software (referred to as “internal-use software”). Upon adoption, we will be required to account for internal-use software under the updated capitalization criteria. The standard is effective for our interim and annual 2028 periods, with early adoption permitted. The standard can be applied either prospectively, retrospectively, or under a modified transition approach. We are currently assessing adoption timing, the method of adoption, and the effect that the updated standard will have on our consolidated financial statements.

Prior Period Reclassifications

Certain amounts in prior periods have been reclassified to conform with current period presentation.

Revenue Recognition

Revenue Backlog

As of March 31, 2026, we had $467.6 billion of remaining performance obligations (“revenue backlog”), of which $462.3 billion related to Google Cloud. Revenue backlog represents commitments in customer contracts that have not yet been recognized as revenue. We expect to recognize just over 50% of the revenue backlog as revenues over the next 24 months with the remainder to be recognized thereafter. The estimated revenue backlog and timing of revenue recognition for these commitments is largely driven by contract duration, our ability to deliver in accordance with relevant contract terms, and when our customers utilize services. Revenue backlog includes related deferred revenue currently recorded as well as amounts that will be invoiced in future periods and excludes cancellable contracts and payments we make to our customers not expected to be in exchange for distinct goods and services. In the first quarter of 2026, we elected to change our reporting of revenue backlog to now also include contracts with an original expected term of one year or less. As of March 31, 2026, the portion of our revenue backlog related to contracts with an original expected term of one year or less was approximately $7.3 billion.

Deferred Revenues

We record deferred revenues when cash payments are received or due in advance of our performance, including amounts which are refundable. Deferred revenues primarily relate to Google Cloud and Google subscriptions, platforms, and devices.

Fair Value Measurements and Financial Instruments

Cash equivalents and marketable equity securities are measured at fair value and classified within Level 1 and Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, because we use quoted prices for identical assets in active markets or inputs that are based upon quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets.

Debt securities are measured at fair value and classified within Level 2 in the fair value hierarchy, because we use quoted market prices to the extent available or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs to determine fair value.

Our non-marketable securities primarily consist of non-marketable equity securities accounted for under the measurement alternative. The carrying value is measured at the total initial cost plus the cumulative net upward and downward adjustments (including impairments). We account for non-marketable equity securities through which we exercise significant influence, but do not have control over the investee under the equity method. Certain of our non-marketable securities include our investments in variable interest entities (VIEs) where we are not the primary beneficiary. See Note 5 for further details on VIEs.

Realized net gain (loss) on equity securities sold during the period reflects the difference between the sale proceeds and the carrying value of the equity securities at the beginning of the period or the purchase date, if later.

All gains and losses, including impairments, are included as components of OI&E.

Consolidated VIEs

We consolidate VIEs in which we hold a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary. The results of operations and financial position of these VIEs are included in our consolidated financial statements.

Segment Reporting

We report our segment results as Google Services, Google Cloud, and Other Bets:

•Google Services includes products and services such as ads, Android, Chrome, devices, Google Maps, Google Play, Search, and YouTube. Google Services generates revenues primarily from advertising; fees received for consumer subscription-based products such as YouTube TV, YouTube Music and Premium, and NFL Sunday Ticket, as well as Google One; the sale of apps and in-app purchases; and devices.

•Google Cloud includes infrastructure and platform services, applications, and other services for enterprise customers. Google Cloud generates revenues primarily from consumption-based fees and subscriptions received for Google Cloud Platform services, Google Workspace communication and collaboration tools, and other enterprise services.

•Other Bets is a combination of multiple operating segments that are not individually material. Revenues from Other Bets are generated primarily from the sale of autonomous transportation services and internet services.

Revenues, certain costs, such as costs associated with content and traffic acquisition, certain engineering activities, and devices, as well as certain operating expenses are directly attributable to our segments. Due to the integrated nature of Alphabet, other costs and expenses, such as technical infrastructure and office facilities, are

managed centrally at a consolidated level. These costs, including the associated depreciation, are allocated to operating segments as a service cost generally based on usage, headcount, or revenue.

Certain costs are not allocated to our segments because they represent Alphabet-level activities. These costs primarily include:

•certain AI-focused shared research and development activities, including employee compensation expenses and technical infrastructure usage costs associated with the development of our general AI models;

•corporate initiatives such as our philanthropic activities; and

•corporate shared costs such as certain finance, human resource, and legal costs, including certain fines and settlements.

Charges associated with employee severance and office space reductions are also not allocated to our segments. Additionally, hedging gains (losses) related to revenue are not allocated to our segments.

Our Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) is our Chief Executive Officer, Sundar Pichai. Our CODM uses segment operating income (loss) to allocate resources to our segments in our annual planning process and to assess the performance of our segments, primarily by monitoring actual results versus the annual plan. Our operating segments are not evaluated using asset information.

Google Services and Google Cloud employee compensation expenses include the costs associated with direct and allocated employees. Google Services and Google Cloud other costs and expenses primarily include direct costs, such as advertising and promotional activities, legal and other matters, and third-party services fees as well as allocated costs, such as technical infrastructure and office facilities usage costs. Additionally, Google Services other costs and expenses include content acquisition costs, traffic acquisition costs (TAC), and device costs.