The following table summarizes intangible assets:


	September 30, 2025						December 31, 2024
(in millions)	Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount		Gross carrying amount		Accumulated amortization		Net carrying amount
Definite-lived intangible assets
Developed product rights	$	81,126	$	(33,252)	$	47,874	$	81,428	$	(28,253)	$	53,175
License agreements	8,353		(7,193)		1,160		8,315		(6,624)		1,691
Total definite-lived intangible assets	89,479		(40,445)		49,034		89,743		(34,877)		54,866
Indefinite-lived intangible assets	5,281		—		5,281		5,202		—		5,202
Total intangible assets, net	$	94,760	$	(40,445)	$	54,315	$	94,945	$	(34,877)	$	60,068

Amortization expense was $1.9 billion for the three months and $5.6 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $1.9 billion for the three months and $5.7 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Amortization expense was included in cost of products sold in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings.

In the third quarter of 2025, the company made a decision to discontinue development and commercialization of Resonic, a rapid acoustic pulse device for long-term improvement in the appearance of cellulite. The company also made a decision to reduce current sales and marketing investment related to Durysta, an on-market eye care product to treat elevated intraocular pressure in open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Each of these strategic decisions contributed to decreases in the estimated future cash flows for the respective products and represented triggering events that required an evaluation of the underlying definite-lived intangible assets for impairment. For Resonic, the evaluation resulted in a full impairment of both the gross and net carrying amount of $407 million. For Durysta, the company utilized a discounted cash flow analysis to estimate the fair value of $271 million, which was lower than the carrying value of $711 million and resulted in a partial impairment of both the gross and net carrying amount. Based on the revised cash flows, the company recorded pre-tax impairment charges of $847 million in cost of products sold in the condensed consolidated statement of earnings for the third quarter of 2025.

Indefinite-lived intangible assets represent acquired IPR&D associated with products that have not yet received regulatory approval. The company performs its annual impairment assessment of indefinite-lived intangible assets in the third quarter, or earlier if impairment indicators exist.