Investments and Fair Value Measurement

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2023

Note 3 – Investments and Fair Value Measurement

Investments

Our investments on the condensed consolidated balance sheets consisted of the following (in millions):


	As of
	December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023
Classified as short-term investments:
Marketable debt securities (1):
U.S. government and agency securities	$	44	$	209
Commercial paper	46		299
Corporate bonds	13		30
Short-term investments	$	103	$	538

Classified as restricted investments:
Marketable debt securities (1):
U.S. government and agency securities	$	1,614	$	1,808


Restricted investments	$	1,614	$	1,808

Classified as investments:
Non-marketable equity securities:
Didi	$	1,802	$	1,698
Other (2)	312		316
Marketable equity securities:
Grab	1,726		1,838
Aurora	364		885
Other	87		263
Note receivable from a related party (2)	110		108
Investments	$	4,401	$	5,108

(1) Excluding marketable debt securities classified as cash equivalents and restricted cash equivalents.

(2) These balances include certain investments recorded at fair value with changes in fair value recorded in earnings due to the election of the fair value option of accounting for financial instruments.

Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The following table presents our financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis based on the three-tier fair value hierarchy (in millions):


	As of December 31, 2022								As of June 30, 2023
	Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total		Level 1		Level 2		Level 3		Total
Financial Assets
Money market funds	$	1,005	$	—	$	—	$	1,005	$	1,573	$	—	$	—	$	1,573
U.S. government and agency securities	—		1,975		—		1,975		—		2,122		—		2,122
Commercial paper	—		76		—		76		—		376		—		376
Corporate bonds	—		15		—		15		—		39		—		39
Non-marketable equity securities	—		—		3		3		—		—		3		3
Marketable equity securities	2,177		—		—		2,177		2,986		—		—		2,986
Note receivable from a related party	—		—		110		110		—		—		108		108
Total financial assets	$	3,182	$	2,066	$	113	$	5,361	$	4,559	$	2,537	$	111	$	7,207
Financial Liabilities
MLU B.V. Call Option (1)	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	2	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—
Total financial liabilities	$	—	$	—	$	2	$	2	$	—	$	—	$	—	$	—

(1) Refer to Note 4 – Equity Method Investments for further information.

As of December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2023, the amortized cost of our debt securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis approximates fair value. We did not record any material unrealized gains or losses, or credit losses as of December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2023. The weighted-average remaining maturity of our debt securities was less than one year as of June 30, 2023.

During the six months ended June 30, 2023, we did not make any transfers into or out of Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Fair Value Hierarchy

We measure our cash equivalents and certain investments at fair value. Level 1 instrument valuations are based on quoted market prices of the identical underlying security. Level 2 instrument valuations are obtained from readily available pricing sources for comparable instruments, identical instruments in less active markets, or models using market observable inputs. Level 3 instrument valuations are valued based on unobservable inputs and other estimation techniques due to the absence of quoted market prices, inherent lack of liquidity and the long-term nature of such financial instruments.

As of December 31, 2022 and June 30, 2023, our Level 3 non-marketable equity securities and note receivable from a related party primarily consist of common stock investments, redeemable preferred stock investments and convertible secured notes that may be converted into common or preferred stock in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values.

Depending on the investee’s financing activity in a reporting period, management’s estimate of fair value may be primarily derived from the investee’s financing transactions, such as the issuance of preferred stock to new investors. The price in these transactions generally provides the best indication of the enterprise value of the investee. Additionally, based on the timing, volume, and other characteristics of the transaction, we may supplement this information by using other valuation techniques, including the guideline public company approach. The guideline public company approach relies on publicly available market data of comparable companies and uses comparative valuation multiples of the investee’s revenue (actual and forecasted), and therefore, unobservable input used in this valuation technique primarily consists of short-term revenue projections.

Once the fair value of the investee is estimated, an option-pricing model (“OPM”), a common stock equivalent (“CSE”) method or a hybrid approach is employed to allocate value to various classes of securities of the investee, including the class owned by us. The model involves making assumptions around the investees’ expected time to liquidity and volatility.

An increase or decrease in any of the unobservable inputs in isolation, such as the security price in a significant financing transaction of the investee, could result in a material increase or decrease in our estimate of fair value. Other unobservable inputs, including short-term revenue projections, time to liquidity, and volatility are less sensitive to the valuation in the respective reporting periods, as a result of the primary weighting on the investee’s financing transactions. In the future, depending on the weight of evidence and valuation approaches used, these or other inputs may have a more significant impact on our estimate of fair value.

We determine realized gains or losses on the sale of equity and debt securities on a specific identification method.

Financial Assets and Liabilities Measured at Fair Value Using Level 3 Inputs

The following table presents a reconciliation of our financial assets and liabilities measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2023, using significant unobservable inputs (Level 3) (in millions):


	Non-marketable Equity Securities		Note Receivable		MLU B.V. Call Option
Balance as of December 31, 2022	$	3	$	110	$	2
Change in fair value
Included in earnings	—		(2)		(2)






Balance as of June 30, 2023	$	3	$	108	$	—

Assets Measured at Fair Value on a Non-Recurring Basis

Non-Financial Assets

Our non-financial assets, such as goodwill, intangible assets and property and equipment are adjusted to fair value when an impairment charge is recognized. Such fair value measurements are based predominantly on Level 3 inputs.

Non-Marketable Equity Securities

Our non-marketable equity securities are investments in privately held companies without readily determinable fair values. The carrying value of our non-marketable equity securities are adjusted based on price changes from observable transactions of identical or similar securities of the same issuer (referred to as the measurement alternative) or for impairment. Any changes in carrying value are recorded within other income (expense), net in the condensed consolidated statements of operations. Certain non-marketable equity securities are classified within Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy because we estimate the fair value of these securities based on valuation methods, including the CSE and OPM methods, using the transaction price of similar securities issued by the investee adjusted for contractual rights and obligations of the securities we hold.

Didi Investment

In the second quarter of 2022, Didi completed their delisting from the New York Stock Exchange and we concluded that the ordinary shares held by us did not have a readily determinable fair value and should be accounted for under the measurement alternative method. As a result, we measured the fair value of our Didi investment based on the closing share price of the Didi American Depositary Shares on the over-the-counter market as an observable transaction for similar securities.

During the three months ended June 30, 2022, we recognized an unrealized gain of $259 million in other income (expense), net in our condensed consolidated statement of operations. During the three and six months ended June 30, 2023, we recognized an unrealized loss of $461 million and $104 million, respectively, in other income (expense), net in our condensed consolidated statements of operations.

We did not record any other material unrealized or realized gains or losses for our non-marketable equity securities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis during the three and six months ended June 30, 2022 and 2023.

The following table summarizes the total carrying value of our non-marketable equity securities measured at fair value on a non-recurring basis held, including cumulative unrealized upward and downward adjustments made to the initial cost basis of the securities (in millions):


	As of
	December 31, 2022		June 30, 2023
Initial cost basis	$	1,700	$	1,713
Upward adjustments	1,052		1,411
Downward adjustments (including impairment)	(641)		(1,113)
Total carrying value at the end of the period	$	2,111	$	2,011

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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