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Goodwill and Intangible Assets
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Goodwill and Intangible Assets
Goodwill of $1.9 billion consisted of $1.3 billion in GM Financial at December 31, 2023 and 2022, and $573 million and $571 million in Cruise at December 31, 2023 and 2022. In the three months ended December 31, 2023, we performed a goodwill impairment test for Cruise and determined that the goodwill was not impaired.
December 31, 2023December 31, 2022
Gross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying AmountGross Carrying AmountAccumulated AmortizationNet Carrying Amount
Technology and intellectual property$749 $517 $231 $767 $564 $203 
Brands4,293 1,768 2,526 4,294 1,658 2,636 
Dealer network, customer relationships and other968 784 184 960 765 195 
Total intangible assets$6,010 $3,069 $2,941 $6,021 $2,987 $3,034 

Our amortization expense related to intangible assets was $114 million, $139 million and $141 million in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

Amortization expense related to intangible assets is estimated to be approximately $159 million in each of the next five years.