v3.23.3
Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits
 9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits Pensions and Other Postretirement Benefits
Three Months Ended September 30, 2023Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
Pension BenefitsGlobal OPEB PlansPension BenefitsGlobal OPEB Plans
U.S.Non-U.S.U.S.Non-U.S.
Service cost$44 $39 $3 $58 $35 $4 
Interest cost568 184 59 323 71 37 
Expected return on plan assets(730)(192)— (750)(130)— 
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)(1)1 — (1)1 (1)
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses— 8 (6)5 32 17 
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense$(119)$40 $56 $(365)$9 $57 

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
Pension BenefitsGlobal OPEB PlansPension BenefitsGlobal OPEB Plans
U.S.Non-U.S.U.S.Non-U.S.
Service cost$131 $123 $7 $174 $103 $12 
Interest cost1,704 521 177 969 221 111 
Expected return on plan assets(2,190)(544)— (2,250)(404)— 
Amortization of prior service cost (credit)(2)2 (1)(2)3 (4)
Amortization of net actuarial (gains) losses— 25 (17)14 101 51 
Net periodic pension and OPEB (income) expense$(357)$127 $166 $(1,095)$24 $170 
The non-service cost components of net periodic pension and other postretirement benefits (OPEB) income of $86 million and $376 million in the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 and $258 million and $1.1 billion in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 are presented in Interest income and other non-operating income, net.