v3.19.3.a.u2
Property
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Property, Plant and Equipment, Net [Abstract]  
Property Property
 
Estimated Useful Lives in Years
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
Land

 
$
1,302

 
$
1,349

Buildings and improvements
5-40
 
9,705

 
9,173

Machinery and equipment
3-27
 
29,814

 
26,453

Special tools
1-13
 
23,586

 
23,828

Construction in progress

 
3,042

 
4,680

Total property
 
 
67,449

 
65,483

Less: accumulated depreciation
 
 
(28,699
)
 
(26,725
)
Total property, net
 
 
$
38,750

 
$
38,758



The amount of capitalized software included in Property, net was $1.3 billion and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2019 and 2018. The amount of interest capitalized and excluded from Automotive interest expense related to Property, net was insignificant in the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.
 
Years Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Depreciation and amortization expense
$
6,541

 
$
5,347

 
$
4,966

Impairment charges
$
7

 
$
466

 
$
199

Capitalized software amortization expense(a)
$
452

 
$
424

 
$
459

__________
(a)
Included in depreciation and amortization expense.