A summary of the carrying value of total investments is as follows:

	June 30,		December 31,
(in millions)	2017		2016
Available-for-sale investments	$	103	$	80
Held-to-maturity investments		74		51
Trading investments:
Consolidated sponsored investment funds		503		465
Other equity and debt securities		164		101
Deferred compensation plan mutual funds		52		59
Total trading investments		719		625
Other investments:
Equity method investments⁽¹⁾		935		730
Cost method investments⁽²⁾		92		91
Carried interest⁽³⁾		19		18
Total other investments		1,046		839
Total investments	$	1,942	$	1,595

⁽¹⁾	Equity method investments primarily include BlackRock’s direct investments in certain BlackRock sponsored investment funds.

⁽²⁾	Amounts include nonmarketable securities, primarily Federal Reserve Bank stock, which is held for regulatory purposes and is restricted from sale. At June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, there were no indicators of impairment on these investments.

⁽³⁾

Carried interest of consolidated sponsor investment funds accounted for as voting rights entities (“VREs”) represents allocations to BlackRock’s general partner capital accounts from certain funds. These balances are subject to change upon cash distributions, additional allocations or reallocations back to limited partners within the respective funds.

A summary of the cost and carrying value of trading investments is as follows:

	June 30,				December 31,
(in millions)	2017				2016
	Cost		Carrying Value		Cost		Carrying Value
Trading investments:
Deferred compensation plan mutual funds	$	34	$	52	$	41	$	59
Equity securities/multi-asset mutual funds		374		408		290		308
Debt securities/fixed income mutual funds:
Corporate debt		174		179		128		128
Government debt		30		30		60		60
Asset/mortgage backed debt		49		50		70		70
Total trading investments	$	661	$	719	$	589	$	625