Note 5. Fair Value Measurements

Assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis are summarized below (in millions):


			Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
Description	June 30, 2012		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	944	$	944	$	0	$	0
U.S. government securities		517		517		0		0
U.S. government agency securities		69		69		0		0
Marketable securities:
U.S. government securities		5,557		5,557		0		0
U.S. government agency securities		2,533		2,533		0		0

Total cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	9,620	$	9,620	$	0	$	0


			Fair Value Measurement at Reporting Date Using
Description	December 31, 2011		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Significant Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Cash equivalents:
Money market funds	$	892	$	892	$	0	$	0
U.S. government securities		60		60		0		0
U.S. government agency securities		50		50		0		0
Marketable securities:
U.S. government securities		1,415		1,415		0		0
U.S. government agency securities		981		981		0		0

Total cash equivalents and marketable securities	$	3,398	$	3,398	$	0	$	0

Gross unrealized gains or losses for cash equivalents and marketable securities as of June 30, 2012 and December 31, 2011 were not material.

The following table classifies our marketable securities by contractual maturities as of June 30, 2012 (in millions):


	Fair Value
Due in one year	$	5,369
Due in one to two years		2,721

	$	8,090

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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+ Details