Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2022

Summary of Loss Before Provision for (benefit from) Income Taxes

Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
United States	$	(402,834)	$	(514,200)	$	(1,203,682)
Foreign	41,807		25,706		24,655
Loss before provision for (benefit from) income taxes	$	(361,027)	$	(488,494)	$	(1,179,027)

Summary of Provision for (benefit from) Income Taxes

Provision for (benefit from) income taxes consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Current:
Federal	$	—	$	—	$	—
State	765		(88)		500
Foreign	9,476		(11,343)		7,249
Total current provision	10,241		(11,431)		7,749
Deferred:
Federal	—		(111)		—
State	—		—		—
Foreign	(174)		43,427		(20,385)
Total deferred provision	(174)		43,316		(20,385)
Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes	$	10,067	$	31,885	$	(12,636)

Summary of Reconciliation of Effective Income Tax Rate

A reconciliation of the expected tax provision (benefit) at the statutory federal income tax rate to the Company’s recorded tax provision (benefit) consisted of the following (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Expected tax (benefit) at U.S. federal statutory rate	$	(75,592)	$	(102,584)	$	(247,596)
State income taxes - net of federal benefit	766		(88)		500
Foreign tax rate differential	832		870		(4,131)
Research and development tax credits	(34,546)		(94,591)		(26,294)
Stock-based compensation	1,374		(817,839)		(194,730)
Non-deductible officers’ compensation	40,629		428,682		76,093
Change in valuation allowance	49,833		616,572		373,632
Base Erosion Anti-Abuse Tax and related elections	25,200		—		—
Other	1,571		863		9,890
Total provision for (benefit from) income taxes	$	10,067	$	31,885	$	(12,636)

Summary of Significant Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Significant deferred tax assets and liabilities consisted of the following (in thousands):


	As of December 31,
	2022		2021
Net operating loss carryforwards	$	1,436,957	$	1,497,774
Capitalized research and experimental expenses	70,839		—
Reserves and accruals	76,905		43,348
Tax credit carryforwards	226,565		177,402
Stock-based compensation	203,735		212,163
Lease liabilities	58,056		59,787
Depreciation and amortization	29,665		35,176
Gross deferred tax assets	2,102,722		2,025,650
Outside basis difference	(6,512)		—
Acquisition related intangibles	(10,225)		—
Right-of-use assets	(46,295)		(49,665)
Total net deferred tax assets before valuation allowance	2,039,690		1,975,985
Valuation allowance	(2,051,655)		(1,977,565)
Net deferred tax assets	$	(11,965)	$	(1,580)

Summary of Reconciliation of the Gross Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the gross unrecognized tax benefits consists of the following (in thousands):


	Years Ended December 31,
	2022		2021		2020
Unrecognized tax benefit beginning of year	$	65,070	$	75,557	$	31,702
Increases in current year tax positions	5,733		19,638		43,855
Increases in prior year tax positions	11,497		967		—
Decreases in prior year tax positions	(36)		(30,895)		—
Decreases in prior year tax positions due to settlements	(360)		(197)		—
Decreases in prior year tax positions due to lapse of statute of limitations	—		—		—
Unrecognized tax benefit end of year	$	81,904	$	65,070	$	75,557