Fair Value of Financial Instruments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2024

ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements (“ASC 820”) states that fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. The three-tiered fair value hierarchy, which prioritizes which inputs should be used in measuring fair value, is comprised of: (Level I) observable inputs such as quoted prices in active markets; (Level II) inputs other than quoted prices in active markets that are observable either directly or indirectly and (Level III) unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data. The fair value hierarchy requires the use of observable market data when available in determining fair value. Our assets and liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):


	June 30, 2024								December 31, 2023
	Fair Value		Level I		Level II		Level III		Fair Value		Level I		Level II		Level III
Certificates of deposit and time deposits	$	8,488	$	—	$	8,488	$	—	$	6,996	$	—	$	6,996	$	—
Commercial paper	4,311		—		4,311		—		470		—		470		—
U.S. government securities	3,312		—		3,312		—		5,136		—		5,136		—
Corporate debt securities	372		—		372		—		480		—		480		—
Money market funds	10		10		—		—		109		109		—		—
Total	$	16,493	$	10	$	16,483	$	—	$	13,191	$	109	$	13,082	$	—

All of our money market funds were classified within Level I of the fair value hierarchy because they were valued using quoted prices in active markets. Our U.S. government securities, certificates of deposit, commercial paper, time deposits and corporate debt securities are classified within Level II of the fair value hierarchy and the market approach was used to determine fair value of these investments.

Our cash, cash equivalents and investments classified by security type as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 consisted of the following (in millions):


	June 30, 2024
	Adjusted Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Investments
Cash	$	14,227	$	—	$	—	$	14,227	$	14,227	$	—
Certificates of deposit and time deposits	8,488		—		—		8,488		—		8,488
Commercial paper	4,311		2		(2)		4,311		—		4,311
U.S. government securities	3,314		—		(2)		3,312		398		2,914
Corporate debt securities	374		—		(2)		372		—		372
Money market funds	10		—		—		10		10		—
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	30,724	$	2	$	(6)	$	30,720	$	14,635	$	16,085


	December 31, 2023
	Adjusted Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses		Fair Value		Cash and Cash Equivalents		Short-Term Investments
Cash	$	15,903	$	—	$	—	$	15,903	$	15,903	$	—
Certificates of deposit and time deposits	6,995		1		—		6,996		—		6,996
U.S. government securities	5,136		1		(1)		5,136		277		4,859
Corporate debt securities	485		1		(6)		480		—		480
Commercial paper	470		—		—		470		109		361
Money market funds	109		—		—		109		109		—
Total cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments	$	29,098	$	3	$	(7)	$	29,094	$	16,398	$	12,696

We record gross realized gains, losses and credit losses as a component of Other income, net in the consolidated statements of operations. For the three and six months ended June 30, 2024 and 2023, we did not recognize any material gross realized gains, losses or credit losses. The ending allowance balances for credit losses were immaterial as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. We have determined that the gross unrealized losses on our investments as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were temporary in nature.

The following table summarizes the fair value of our investments by stated contractual maturities as of June 30, 2024 (in millions):


Due in 1 year or less	$	15,832
Due in 1 year through 5 years	234
Due in 5 years through 10 years	19
Total	$	16,085

Disclosure of Fair Values

Our financial instruments that are not re-measured at fair value include accounts receivable, financing receivables, other receivables, digital assets, accounts payable, accrued liabilities, customer deposits and debt. The carrying values of these financial instruments materially approximate their fair values, other than our 2.00% Convertible Senior Notes due in 2024 (“2024 Notes”), which matured in the second quarter of 2024, and digital assets.

We estimated the fair value of the 2024 Notes using commonly accepted valuation methodologies and market-based risk measurements that are indirectly observable, such as credit risk (Level II). In addition, we estimate the fair values of our digital assets based on quoted prices in active markets (Level I). The following table presents the estimated fair values and the carrying values (in millions):


	June 30, 2024				December 31, 2023
	Carrying Value		Fair Value		Carrying Value		Fair Value
2024 Notes	$	—	$	—	$	37	$	443
Digital assets, net	$	184	$	722	$	184	$	487

- Definition

The entire disclosure for the fair value of financial instruments (as defined), including financial assets and financial liabilities (collectively, as defined), and the measurements of those instruments as well as disclosures related to the fair value of non-financial assets and liabilities. Such disclosures about the financial instruments, assets, and liabilities would include: (1) the fair value of the required items together with their carrying amounts (as appropriate); (2) for items for which it is not practicable to estimate fair value, disclosure would include: (a) information pertinent to estimating fair value (including, carrying amount, effective interest rate, and maturity, and (b) the reasons why it is not practicable to estimate fair value; (3) significant concentrations of credit risk including: (a) information about the activity, region, or economic characteristics identifying a concentration, (b) the maximum amount of loss the entity is exposed to based on the gross fair value of the related item, (c) policy for requiring collateral or other security and information as to accessing such collateral or security, and (d) the nature and brief description of such collateral or security; (4) quantitative information about market risks and how such risks are managed; (5) for items measured on both a recurring and nonrecurring basis information regarding the inputs used to develop the fair value measurement; and (6) for items presented in the financial statement for which fair value measurement is elected: (a) information necessary to understand the reasons for the election, (b) discussion of the effect of fair value changes on earnings, (c) a description of [similar groups] items for which the election is made and the relation thereof to the balance sheet, the aggregate carrying value of items included in the balance sheet that are not eligible for the election; (7) all other required (as defined) and desired information.

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