Reflected in the 2023 allowance is the impact of the sale of $284 million of consumer loans in a portfolio of third party relationship loans in the fourth quarter of 2023. In conjunction with the sale, the Company recognized a $35 million fair value mark recorded through charge-offs resulting in a net provision benefit of $27 million and a loss on sale of $8 million.



	2025
	Commercial		Investor Real Estate		Consumer		Total
	(In millions)
Allowance for loan losses, January 1, 2025	$	743	$	240	$	630	$	1,613



Provision for loan losses	248		(61)		269		456
Loan losses:
Charge-offs	(280)		(62)		(263)		(605)
Recoveries	44		3		45		92
Net loan losses	(236)		(59)		(218)		(513)
Allowance for loan losses, December 31, 2025	755		120		681		1,556


Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, January 1, 2025	91		7		18		116
Provision for (benefit from) unfunded credit losses	4		8		2		14
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, December 31, 2025	95		15		20		130
Allowance for credit losses, December 31, 2025	$	850	$	135	$	701	$	1,686



	2024
	Commercial		Investor Real Estate		Consumer		Total
	(In millions)
Allowance for loan losses, January 1, 2024	$	722	$	192	$	662	$	1,576


Provision for loan losses	222		87		186		495
Loan losses:
Charge-offs	(261)		(42)		(258)		(561)
Recoveries	60		3		40		103
Net loan losses	(201)		(39)		(218)		(458)
Allowance for loan losses, December 31, 2024	743		240		630		1,613
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, January 1, 2024	92		13		19		124
Provision for (benefit from) unfunded credit losses	(1)		(6)		(1)		(8)
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, December 31, 2024	91		7		18		116
Allowance for credit losses, December 31, 2024	$	834	$	247	$	648	$	1,729


	2023
	Commercial		Investor Real Estate		Consumer		Total
	(In millions)
Allowance for loan losses, December 31, 2022	$	665	$	121	$	678	$	1,464
Cumulative effect of accounting guidance (1)	(3)		(3)		(32)		(38)
Allowance for loan losses, January 1, 2023 (adjusted for change in accounting guidance)	$	662	$	118	$	646	$	1,426
Provision for loan losses	205		74		268		547
Loan losses:
Charge-offs	(197)		—		(293)		(490)
Recoveries	52		—		41		93
Net loan losses	(145)		—		(252)		(397)
Allowance for loan losses, December 31, 2023	722		192		662		1,576
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, January 1, 2023	72		21		25		118
Provision for (benefit from) unfunded credit losses	20		(8)		(6)		6
Reserve for unfunded credit commitments, December 31, 2023	92		13		19		124
Allowance for credit losses, December 31, 2023	$	814	$	205	$	681	$	1,700

The following tables include an aging analysis of DPD and loans on non-accrual status for each portfolio segment and class as of December 31, 2025 and 2024. Loans on non-accrual status with no related allowance totaled $109 million at December 31, 2025 and were comprised of commercial loans. Loans on non-accrual status with no related allowance totaled $119 million at December 31, 2024 and were comprised of commercial and investor real estate loans. Non–accrual loans with no related allowance typically include loans where the underlying collateral is deemed sufficient to recover all remaining principal. Loans that have been fully charged-off do not appear in the tables below.


	2025
	Accrual Loans
	30-59 DPD		60-89 DPD		90+ DPD		Total 30+ DPD		Total Accrual		Non-accrual		Total
	(In millions)
Commercial and industrial	$	39	$	16	$	6	$	61	$	48,316	$	474	$	48,790
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied	4		2		—		6		4,800		45		4,845
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied	—		—		—		—		261		2		263
Total commercial	43		18		6		67		53,377		521		53,898
Commercial investor real estate mortgage	—		—		—		—		7,051		121		7,172
Commercial investor real estate construction	—		—		—		—		1,934		—		1,934
Total investor real estate	—		—		—		—		8,985		121		9,106
Residential first mortgage	128		82		184		394		19,740		25		19,765
Home equity lines	19		6		15		40		3,208		24		3,232
Home equity loans	11		4		8		23		2,317		7		2,324
Consumer credit card	12		10		22		44		1,519		—		1,519

Other consumer(1)	51		24		24		99		5,793		—		5,793
Total consumer	221		126		253		600		32,577		56		32,633
	$	264	$	144	$	259	$	667	$	94,939	$	698	$	95,637


	2024
	Accrual Loans
	30-59 DPD		60-89 DPD		90+ DPD		Total 30+ DPD		Total Accrual		Non-accrual		Total
	(In millions)
Commercial and industrial	$	51	$	18	$	7	$	76	$	49,263	$	408	$	49,671
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied	4		1		1		6		4,804		37		4,841
Commercial real estate construction—owner-occupied	—		—		—		—		328		5		333
Total commercial	55		19		8		82		54,395		450		54,845
Commercial investor real estate mortgage	—		—		—		—		6,144		423		6,567
Commercial investor real estate construction	—		—		—		—		2,143		—		2,143
Total investor real estate	—		—		—		—		8,287		423		8,710
Residential first mortgage	139		78		143		360		20,071		23		20,094
Home equity lines	15		9		16		40		3,124		26		3,150
Home equity loans	11		6		7		24		2,384		6		2,390
Consumer credit card	11		9		20		40		1,445		—		1,445

Other consumer(1)	51		26		27		104		6,093		—		6,093
Total consumer	227		128		213		568		33,117		55		33,172
	$	282	$	147	$	221	$	650	$	95,799	$	928	$	96,727

(1) Starting in 2025, other consumer loans also includes exit portfolios, which were previously presented separately. The portfolio consists primarily of indirect auto loans, and presentation of prior periods has been conformed accordingly.

At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had collateral-dependent commercial loans of $337 million and $264 million, respectively. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had collateral-dependent investor real estate loans of $121 million and $323 million, respectively. The collateral for commercial and investor real estate loans generally consists of all business assets including real estate, receivables and equipment. At December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company had collateral-dependent residential mortgage and home equity loans and lines totaling $127 million and $115 million, respectively. The collateral for these loans are secured by residential real estate. Refer to Note 1 for additional details for the criteria of collateral-dependent loans.

Modifications to troubled borrowers are loans where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty at the time of modification and are undertaken in order to improve the likelihood of repayment. Refer to Note 1 for additional information.

For each portfolio segment and class, the following tables present the end of period balances of new modifications to troubled borrowers and the related percentage of the loan portfolio period-end balance by the type of modification in the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024.



	2025
	Term Extension				Payment Deferral					Term Extension and Interest Rate Modification					Term Extension and Payment Deferral	Other							Total
	$		%(1)			$		%(1)			$		%(1)				$		%(1)		$		%(1)		$		%(1)
	(Dollars in millions)
Commercial and industrial	$	127	0.26	%		$	—	—	%		$	1	—	%			$	18	0.04	%	$	16	0.03	%	$	162	0.33	%
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied	2		0.04	%		—		—	%		—		—	%			—		—	%	—		—	%	2		0.04	%

Total commercial	129		0.24	%		—		—	%		1		—	%			18		0.03	%	16		0.03	%	164		0.30	%
Commercial investor real estate mortgage	100		1.40	%		—		—	%		—		—	%			—		—	%	—		—	%	100		1.40	%

Total investor real estate	100		1.10	%		—		—	%		—		—	%			—		—	%	—		—	%	100		1.10	%
Residential first mortgage	191		0.97	%		3		0.01	%		19		0.09	%			—		—	%	1		—	%	214		1.08	%
Home equity lines	1		0.02	%		—		—	%		5		0.17	%			—		—	%	—		—	%	6		0.19	%
Home equity loans	4		0.19	%		—		—	%		6		0.27	%			—		—	%	—		—	%	10		0.46	%



Total consumer	196		0.60	%		3		0.01	%		30		0.09	%			—		—	%	1		—	%	230		0.71	%
Total	$	425	0.44	%		$	3	—	%		$	31	0.03	%			$	18	0.02	%	$	17	0.02	%	$	494	0.52	%


	2024
	Interest Rate Reduction				Term Extension				Payment Deferral					Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction					Other	Total
	$		%(1)		$		%(1)			$		%(1)			$		%(1)			$		%(1)		$		%(1)
	(Dollars in millions)
Commercial and industrial	$	—	—	%	$	46	0.09	%		$	—	—	%		$	1	—	%		$	3	0.01	%	$	50	0.10	%
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied	—		—	%	3		0.05	%		—		—	%		—		—	%		—		—	%	3		0.05	%

Total commercial	—		—	%	49		0.09	%		—		—	%		1		—	%		3		0.01	%	53		0.10	%
Commercial investor real estate mortgage	34		0.52	%	111		1.69	%		—		—	%		—		—	%		27		0.42	%	172		2.62	%

Total investor real estate	34		0.39	%	111		1.28	%		—		—	%		—		—	%		27		0.31	%	172		1.98	%
Residential first mortgage	—		—	%	156		0.78	%		2		0.01	%		6		0.03	%		—		—	%	164		0.82	%
Home equity lines	—		—	%	1		0.02	%		—		—	%		9		0.29	%		—		—	%	10		0.30	%
Home equity loans	—		—	%	4		0.17	%		—		—	%		8		0.34	%		—		—	%	12		0.51	%



Total consumer	—		—	%	161		0.49	%		2		0.01	%		23		0.07	%		—		—	%	186		0.56	%
	$	34	0.04	%	$	321	0.33	%		$	2	—	%		$	24	0.02	%		$	30	0.03	%	$	411	0.43	%

The following tables present the financial impact of modifications to troubled borrowers during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 by class of financing receivable and the type of modification. The tables include new modifications to troubled borrowers, as well as renewals of existing modifications to troubled borrowers.



	2025 (1)
		Term Extension	Payment Deferral	Term Extension and Interest Rate Modification			Term Extension and Payment Deferral
		Weighted-Average Term Extension	Weighted-Average Payment Deferral	Weighted-Average Term Extension	Weighted-Average Reduction in Interest Rate		Weighted-Average Term Extension	Weighted-Average Payment Deferral
	(In years, except for percentage data)
Commercial and industrial		0.75	—	3	2	%	1	0.67
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied		2.17	—	—	—		—	—

Commercial investor real estate mortgage		0.67	—	—	—		—	—

Residential first mortgage		7	0.67	4	1	%	—	—
Home equity lines		29	—	24	1	%	—	—
Home equity loans		13	—	21	3	%	—	—


	2024 (1)
	Interest Rate Reduction	Term Extension	Payment Deferral	Term Extension and Interest Rate Reduction
	Weighted-Average Reduction in Interest Rate	Weighted-Average Term Extension	Weighted-Average Payment Deferral	Weighted-Average Term Extension	Weighted-Average Reduction in Interest Rate
	(In years, except for percentage data)
Commercial and industrial	—	1.92	—	2.08	1	%
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied	—	3.58	—	—	—

Commercial investor real estate mortgage	less than 1%	0.83	—	—	—

Residential first mortgage	—	7	0.67	5	less than 1%
Home equity lines	—	—	—	23	2	%
Home equity loans	—	14	—	24	3	%

The following tables include the end of period balances of aging and non-accrual performance for modifications to troubled borrowers modified in the previous twelve-month period by portfolio segment and class as of December 31, 2025 and 2024.



	2025
	Current		30-89 DPD		90+ DPD		Non-Performing Loans		Total
	(In millions)
Commercial and industrial	$	85	$	1	$	—	$	76	$	162
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied	2		—		—		—		2

Total commercial	87		1		—		76		164
Commercial investor real estate mortgage	74		—		—		26		100

Total investor real estate	74		—		—		26		100
Residential first mortgage	137		41		29		7		214
Home equity lines	5		—		—		1		6
Home equity loans	8		—		—		2		10



Total consumer	150		41		29		10		230
	$	311	$	42	$	29	$	112	$	494



	2024
	Current		30-89 DPD		90+ DPD		Non-Performing Loans		Total
	(In millions)
Commercial and industrial	$	34	$	—	$	—	$	16	$	50
Commercial real estate mortgage—owner-occupied	2		—		—		1		3

Total commercial	36		—		—		17		53
Commercial investor real estate mortgage	66		—		—		106		172

Total investor real estate	66		—		—		106		172
Residential first mortgage	113		31		13		7		164
Home equity lines	9		—		—		1		10
Home equity loans	9		1		—		2		12



Total consumer	131		32		13		10		186
	$	233	$	32	$	13	$	133	$	411

For modifications to troubled borrowers, a subsequent payment default is defined in terms of delinquency, when a principal or interest payment is 90 days past due or classified as non-accrual status during the reporting period. Subsequent defaults of the loans restructured as a modification to a troubled borrower during the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 totaled $109 million and $257 million, respectively.