| Securities |
mortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale are as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2023 | | | | Recognized in OCI (1) | | | | Not recognized in OCI | | | | | Amortized
Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Carrying Value | | Gross
Unrealized
Gains | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Estimated
Fair
Value | | | (In millions) | | Debt securities held to maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Residential agency | $ | 247 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (8) | | | $ | 239 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (16) | | | $ | 223 | | | Commercial agency | 516 | | | — | | | (1) | | | 515 | | | — | | | (22) | | | 493 | | | $ | 763 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (9) | | | $ | 754 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (38) | | | $ | 716 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Debt securities available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 1,322 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (99) | | | $ | 1,223 | | | | | | | $ | 1,223 | | | Federal agency securities | 1,085 | | | 4 | | | (46) | | | 1,043 | | | | | | | 1,043 | | | Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 2 | | | — | | | — | | | 2 | | | | | | | 2 | | | Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Residential agency | 19,450 | | | 52 | | | (2,130) | | | 17,372 | | | | | | | 17,372 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial agency | 7,807 | | | 2 | | | (502) | | | 7,307 | | | | | | | 7,307 | | | Commercial non-agency | 93 | | | — | | | (10) | | | 83 | | | | | | | 83 | | | Corporate and other debt securities | 1,105 | | | 4 | | | (35) | | | 1,074 | | | | | | | 1,074 | | | $ | 30,864 | | | $ | 62 | | | $ | (2,822) | | | $ | 28,104 | | | | | | | $ | 28,104 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2022 | | | | Recognized in OCI (1) | | | | Not recognized in OCI | | | | | Amortized
Cost | | Gross Unrealized Gains | | Gross Unrealized Losses | | Carrying Value | | Gross
Unrealized
Gains | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Estimated
Fair
Value | | | (In millions) | | Debt securities held to maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Residential agency | $ | 289 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (10) | | | $ | 279 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (21) | | | $ | 258 | | | Commercial agency | 523 | | | — | | | (1) | | | 522 | | | — | | | (29) | | | 493 | | | $ | 812 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (11) | | | $ | 801 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (50) | | | $ | 751 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Debt securities available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 1,310 | | | $ | — | | | $ | (123) | | | $ | 1,187 | | | | | | | $ | 1,187 | | | Federal agency securities | 898 | | | — | | | (62) | | | 836 | | | | | | | 836 | | | Obligations of states and political subdivisions | 2 | | | — | | | — | | | 2 | | | | | | | 2 | | | Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Residential agency | 19,477 | | | — | | | (2,523) | | | 16,954 | | | | | | | 16,954 | | | Residential non-agency | 1 | | | — | | | — | | | 1 | | | | | | | 1 | | | Commercial agency | 8,262 | | | — | | | (649) | | | 7,613 | | | | | | | 7,613 | | | Commercial non-agency | 198 | | | — | | | (12) | | | 186 | | | | | | | 186 | | | Corporate and other debt securities | 1,219 | | | 1 | | | (66) | | | 1,154 | | | | | | | 1,154 | | | $ | 31,367 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | (3,435) | | | $ | 27,933 | | | | | | | $ | 27,933 | |
_________ (1)The gross unrealized losses recognized in OCI on securities held to maturity resulted from a transfer of securities available for sale to held to maturity in the second quarter of 2013. Debt securities with carrying values of $24.0 billion and $8.8 billion at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, respectively, were pledged to secure public funds, trust deposits and other borrowing arrangements. The amortized cost and estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023, by contractual maturity, are shown below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. | | | | | | | | | | | | | Amortized
Cost | | Estimated
Fair Value | | | (In millions) | | Debt securities held to maturity: | | | | | Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | Residential agency | $ | 247 | | | $ | 223 | | | Commercial agency | 516 | | | 493 | | | $ | 763 | | | $ | 716 | | | Debt securities available for sale: | | | | | Due in one year or less | $ | 369 | | | $ | 363 | | | Due after one year through five years | 2,600 | | | 2,455 | | | Due after five years through ten years | 390 | | | 384 | | | Due after ten years | 155 | | | 140 | | | Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | Residential agency | 19,450 | | | 17,372 | | | | | | | Commercial agency | 7,807 | | | 7,307 | | | Commercial non-agency | 93 | | | 83 | | | $ | 30,864 | | | $ | 28,104 | |
The following tables present gross unrealized losses and the related estimated fair value of debt securities held to maturity and debt securities available for sale at December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022. For debt securities transferred to held to maturity from available for sale, the analysis in the tables below compares the securities' original amortized cost to its current estimated fair value. All securities in an unrealized position are segregated between investments that have been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and for twelve months or more. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2023 | | | Less Than Twelve Months | | Twelve Months or More | | Total | | | Estimated
Fair
Value | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Estimated
Fair
Value | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Estimated
Fair
Value | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | | (In millions) | | Debt securities held to maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Residential agency | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 223 | | | $ | (23) | | | $ | 223 | | | $ | (23) | | | Commercial agency | — | | | — | | | 493 | | | (23) | | | 493 | | | (23) | | | $ | — | | | $ | — | | | $ | 716 | | | $ | (46) | | | $ | 716 | | | $ | (46) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Debt securities available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | U.S Treasury securities | $ | 6 | | | $ | — | | | $ | 1,201 | | | $ | (99) | | | $ | 1,207 | | | $ | (99) | | | Federal agency securities | 237 | | | (5) | | | 666 | | | (41) | | | 903 | | | (46) | | | Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Residential agency | 241 | | | (3) | | | 15,144 | | | (2,127) | | | 15,385 | | | (2,130) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial agency | 612 | | | (7) | | | 6,583 | | | (495) | | | 7,195 | | | (502) | | | Commercial non-agency | — | | | — | | | 82 | | | (10) | | | 82 | | | (10) | | | Corporate and other debt securities | 23 | | | — | | | 879 | | | (35) | | | 902 | | | (35) | | | $ | 1,119 | | | $ | (15) | | | $ | 24,555 | | | $ | (2,807) | | | $ | 25,674 | | | $ | (2,822) | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | December 31, 2022 | | | Less Than Twelve Months | | Twelve Months or More | | Total | | | Estimated
Fair
Value | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Estimated
Fair
Value | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | Estimated
Fair
Value | | Gross
Unrealized
Losses | | | (In millions) | | Debt securities held to maturity: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Residential agency | $ | 251 | | | $ | (29) | | | $ | 7 | | | $ | (1) | | | $ | 258 | | | $ | (30) | | | Commercial agency | 469 | | | (26) | | | 24 | | | (4) | | | 493 | | | (30) | | | $ | 720 | | | $ | (55) | | | $ | 31 | | | $ | (5) | | | $ | 751 | | | $ | (60) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Debt securities available for sale: | | | | | | | | | | | | | U.S. Treasury securities | $ | 276 | | | $ | (8) | | | $ | 903 | | | $ | (115) | | | $ | 1,179 | | | $ | (123) | | | Federal agency securities | 766 | | | (50) | | | 53 | | | (12) | | | 819 | | | (62) | | | Mortgage-backed securities: | | | | | | | | | | | | | Residential agency | 9,350 | | | (1,005) | | | 7,578 | | | (1,518) | | | 16,928 | | | (2,523) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial agency | 6,110 | | | (400) | | | 1,503 | | | (249) | | | 7,613 | | | (649) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Commercial non-agency | 141 | | | (8) | | | 45 | | | (4) | | | 186 | | | (12) | | | Corporate and other debt securities | 736 | | | (36) | | | 354 | | | (30) | | | 1,090 | | | (66) | | | $ | 17,379 | | | $ | (1,507) | | | $ | 10,436 | | | $ | (1,928) | | | $ | 27,815 | | | $ | (3,435) | |
The number of individual debt positions in an unrealized loss position in the tables above decreased to 1,703 at December 31, 2023 from 1,806 at December 31, 2022. The decrease in the number of securities and the total amount of unrealized losses from year-end 2022 was due to maturities in the portfolio along with no reinvestment for a portion of 2023. The decrease in the total amount of unrealized losses was also impacted by changes in market interest rates. In instances where an unrealized loss existed, there was no indication of an adverse change in credit on the underlying positions in the tables above. As it relates to these positions, management believes no individual unrealized loss represented credit impairment as of those dates. At December 31, 2023, the Company does not intend to sell, and it is not more likely than not that the Company will be required to sell, the positions before the recovery of their amortized cost bases, which may be at maturity. Gross realized gains and gross realized losses on sales of debt securities available for sale were immaterial for 2023, 2022 and 2021. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. As part of the Company's normal process for evaluating impairment, credit-related impairment identified by management was immaterial for 2023. No credit-related impairment was identified by management for 2022 and 2021.
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