v3.10.0.1
Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Income Taxes  
Components of Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes
Components of Provision for (Benefit from) Income Taxes
$ in millions201820172016
Current
U.S.:
Federal $686$476$330
State and local207125221
Non-U.S.:
U.K. 328401196
Japan2685628
Hong Kong944814
Other318308359
Total$1,901$1,414$1,148
Deferred
U.S.:
Federal $330$2,656$1,336
State and local568474
Non-U.S.:
U.K. 541856
Japan(10)(17)127
Hong Kong(3)(2)31
Other2215(46)
Total$449$2,754$1,578
Provision for income taxes
from continuing operations$2,350$4,168$2,726
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
from discontinued operations$(1)$(7)$1
Selected Other Non-U.S. Tax Provisions
Selected Other Non-U.S. Tax Provisions
$ in millionsTax Provisions
2018:
Brazil$71
Spain67
India39
2017:
Brazil82
India49
Canada36
2016:
Brazil125
India46
France38
Reconciliation of the U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to the Effective Income Tax Rate

Reconciliation of the U.S. Federal Statutory Income Tax Rate to the Effective Income Tax Rate

201820172016
U.S. federal statutory income tax rate21.0%35.0%35.0%
U.S. state and local income taxes, net of
U.S. federal income tax benefits2.01.42.2
Domestic tax credits(0.9)(1.6)(2.5)
Tax exempt income(0.4)(0.1)(0.1)
Non-U.S. earnings
Foreign tax rate differential1.2(5.0)(3.1)
Change in foreign tax rates0.10.1
Tax Act enactment11.5
Employee share-based awards1(1.5)(1.5)
Other(0.6)0.4(0.8)
Effective income tax rate20.9%40.1%30.8%

  • Beginning in 2017, the income tax consequences related to employee share-based awards are required to be recognized in Provision for income taxes in the income statements upon the conversion of employee share-based awards instead of additional paid-in capital. See Note 2 to the financial statements for information on the adoption of the accounting update Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting. See Note 21 for more information on the net discrete tax provisions (benefits).
Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

Deferred Tax Assets and Liabilities

At At
December 31, December 31,
$ in millions20182017
Gross deferred tax assets
Net operating loss and
tax credit carryforwards$264$391
Employee compensation
and benefit plans2,0532,146
Valuation and liability allowances318377
Valuation of inventory, investments
and receivables242645
Total deferred tax assets2,8773,559
Deferred tax assets valuation
allowance143144
Deferred tax assets after
valuation allowance$2,734$3,415
Gross deferred tax liabilities
Non-U.S. operations$12$20
Fixed assets825627
Other224194
Total deferred tax liabilities$1,061$841
Net deferred tax assets$1,673$2,574
Rollforward of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
Rollforward of Unrecognized Tax Benefits
$ in millions201820172016
Balance at beginning of period$1,594$1,851$1,804
Increase based on tax positions
related to the current period8363172
Increase based on tax positions
related to prior periods 3417014
Decrease based on tax positions
related to prior periods (404)(312)(134)
Decreases related to settlements
with taxing authorities(139)(155)
Decreases related to
lapse of statute of limitations(88)(23)(5)
Balance at end of period$1,080$1,594$1,851
Net unrecognized tax benefits1$746$873$1,110

  • Represent ending unrecognized tax benefits adjusted for the impact of the federal benefit of state issues, competent authority arrangements and foreign tax credit offsets. If recognized, these net benefits would favorably impact the effective tax rate in future periods.
Interest Expense (Benefit), Net of Federal and State Income Tax Benefits
Interest Expense (Benefit), Net of Federal and State Income Tax Benefits
$ in millions201820172016
Recognized in income
statements$(40)$(3)$28
Accrued at end of period91147150
Earliest Tax Year Subject to Examination in Major Tax Jurisdictions
Earliest Tax Year Subject to Examination in Major Tax Jurisdictions
JurisdictionTax Year
U.S. 2013
New York State and New York City2007
Hong Kong2012
U.K. 2011
Japan2015