v3.10.0.1
Investment Securities
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2018
Investment securities  
Investment Securities

5. Investment Securities

AFS and HTM Securities
At December 31, 2018
$ in millionsAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
AFS securities
U.S. government and agency
securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$36,268$40$656$35,652
U.S. agency securities120,7401049720,253
Total U.S. government and
agency securities57,008501,15355,905
Corporate and other debt:
Agency CMBS1,05462992
Non-agency CMBS46114447
Corporate bonds1,585321,553
State and municipal securities2002202
FFELP student loan ABS21,96710151,962
Total corporate and other debt5,267121235,156
Total AFS securities62,275621,27661,061
HTM securities
U.S. government and agency
securities:
U.S. Treasury securities17,8324440317,473
U.S. agency securities112,456844612,018
Total U.S. government and
agency securities30,2885284929,491
Corporate and other debt:
Non-agency CMBS4839474
Total HTM securities30,7715285829,965
Total investment securities$93,046$114$2,134$91,026

At December 31, 2017
$ in millionsAmortized CostGross Unrealized GainsGross Unrealized LossesFair Value
AFS debt securities
U.S. government and agency
securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$26,842$$589$26,253
U.S. agency securities122,8032824722,584
Total U.S. government and
agency securities49,6452883648,837
Corporate and other debt:
Agency CMBS1,3702491,323
Non-agency CMBS1,10281,094
Corporate bonds1,3795121,372
CLO3981399
FFELP student loan ABS22,1651572,173
Total corporate and other debt6,41423766,361
Total AFS debt securities56,0595191255,198
AFS equity securities15105
Total AFS securities56,0745192255,203
HTM securities
U.S. government and agency
securities:
U.S. Treasury securities11,42430511,119
U.S. agency securities111,886722011,673
Total U.S. government and
agency securities23,310752522,792
Corporate and other debt:
Non-agency CMBS28911289
Total HTM securities23,599852623,081
Total investment securities$79,673$59$1,448$78,284

1. U.S. agency securities consist mainly of agency-issued debt, agency mortgage pass-through pool securities and CMOs.

2. Underlying loans are backed by a guarantee, ultimately from the U.S. Department of Education, of at least 95% of the principal balance and interest outstanding.

Investment Securities in an Unrealized Loss Position
At December 31, 2018
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or LongerTotal
$ in millionsFair Value Gross Unrealized LossesFair Value Gross Unrealized LossesFair Value Gross Unrealized Losses
AFS securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$19,937$541$5,994$115$25,931$656
U.S. agency securities12,9043834,14211417,046497
Total U.S. government and agency securities32,84192410,13622942,9771,153
Corporate and other debt:
Agency CMBS8086280862
Non-agency CMBS4461444614
Corporate bonds47071,010251,48032
FFELP student loan ABS1,366151,36615
Total corporate and other debt2,644841,456394,100123
Total AFS securities35,4851,00811,59226847,0771,276
HTM securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities11,16140311,161403
U.S. agency securities410110,00444510,414446
Total U.S. government and agency securities410121,16584821,575849
Corporate and other debt:
Non-agency CMBS206121684229
Total HTM securities616221,38185621,997858
Total investment securities$36,101$1,010$32,973$1,124$69,074$2,134

At December 31, 2017
Less than 12 Months 12 Months or LongerTotal
$ in millionsFair Value Gross Unrealized LossesFair Value Gross Unrealized LossesFair Value Gross Unrealized Losses
AFS debt securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities$21,941$495$4,287$94$26,228$589
U.S. agency securities12,6731922,5135515,186247
Total U.S. government and agency securities34,6146876,80014941,414836
Corporate and other debt:
Agency CMBS9304993049
Non-agency CMBS257155978168
Corporate bonds3163389970512
FFELP student loan ABS98479847
Total corporate and other debt2,48760948163,43576
Total AFS debt securities37,1017477,74816544,849912
AFS equity securities510510
Total AFS securities37,1017477,75317544,854922
HTM securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities6,608864,51221911,120305
U.S. agency securities2,879247,29819610,177220
Total U.S. government and agency securities9,48711011,81041521,297525
Corporate and other debt:
Non-agency CMBS12411241
Total HTM securities9,61111111,81041521,421526
Total investment securities$46,712$858$19,563$590$66,275$1,448

The Firm believes there are no securities in an unrealized loss position that are other-than-temporarily impaired after performing the analysis described in Note 2. For AFS debt securities, the Firm does not intend to sell the securities and is not likely to be required to sell the securities prior to recovery of the amortized cost basis. Furthermore, for AFS and HTM debt securities, the securities have not experienced credit losses as the net unrealized losses reported in the previous table are primarily due to higher interest rates since those securities were purchased.

See Note 13 for additional information on securities issued by VIEs, including U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities, non-agency CMBS, CLO and FFELP student loan ABS.

Investment Securities by Contractual Maturity
At December 31, 2018
$ in millionsAmortized CostFair ValueAnnualized Average Yield
AFS securities
U.S. government and agency securities:
U.S. Treasury securities:
Due within 1 year$4,419$4,3871.6%
After 1 year through 5 years28,60728,1792.0%
After 5 years through 10 years3,2423,0861.9%
Total36,26835,652
U.S. agency securities:
Due within 1 year4344311.0%
After 1 year through 5 years7967841.2%
After 5 years through 10 years1,6351,5831.8%
After 10 years17,87517,4552.2%
Total20,74020,253
Total U.S. government and agency
securities57,00855,9052.0%
Corporate and other debt:
Agency CMBS:
After 1 year through 5 years2832811.4%
After 5 years through 10 years21201.2%
After 10 years7506911.6%
Total1,054992
Non-agency CMBS:
After 1 year through 5 years36342.5%
After 10 years4254132.4%
Total461447
Corporate bonds:
Due within 1 year70701.7%
After 1 year through 5 years1,3651,3352.5%
After 5 years through 10 years1501483.3%
Total1,5851,553
State and municipal securities:
After 5 years through 10 years2002023.7%
Total200202
FFELP student loan ABS:
After 1 year through 5 years81800.8%
After 5 years through 10 years3073030.8%
After 10 years1,5791,5791.2%
Total1,9671,962
Total corporate and other debt5,2675,1561.8%
Total AFS securities62,27561,0612.0%
At December 31, 2018
$ in millionsAmortized CostFair ValueAnnualized Average Yield
HTM securities
U.S. government securities:
U.S. Treasury securities:
Due within 1 year$1,875$1,8701.2%
After 1 year through 5 years7,4787,4352.3%
After 5 years through 10 years7,7537,5362.2%
After 10 years7266322.3%
Total17,83217,473
U.S. agency securities:
After 5 years through 10 years30291.9%
After 10 years12,42611,9892.7%
Total12,45612,018
Total U.S. government and agency
securities30,28829,4912.4%
Corporate and other debt:
Non-agency CMBS:
Due within 1 year65653.5%
After 1 year through 5 years70694.4%
After 5 years through 10 years3022944.0%
After 10 years46464.4%
Total corporate and other debt4834744.1%
Total HTM securities30,77129,9652.4%
Total investment securities$93,046$91,0262.1%

Gross Realized Gains (Losses) on Sales of AFS Securities
$ in millions201820172016
Gross realized gains$12$46$133
Gross realized (losses)(4)(11)(21)
Total1$8$35$112

1. Realized gains and losses are recognized in Other revenues in the income statements.