v3.26.1
Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2026
Receivables [Abstract]  
Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses Outstanding Loans and Leases and Allowance for Credit Losses
The following tables present total outstanding loans and leases and an aging analysis for the Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments, by class of financing receivables, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.
30-59 Days
 Past Due (1)
60-89 Days
 Past Due (1)
90 Days or
More
Past Due (1)
Total Past
Due 30 Days
or More
Total
 Current or
 Less Than
 30 Days
 Past Due (1)
Loans
 Accounted
 for Under
 the Fair
 Value
 Option		Total
Outstandings
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2026
Consumer real estate      
Residential mortgage$1,303 $279 $896 $2,478 $233,698 $236,176 
Home equity79 31 122 232 26,530 26,762 
Credit card and other consumer
Credit card673 498 1,341 2,512 100,321 102,833 
Direct/Indirect consumer (2)
286 116 98 500 113,454 113,954 
Other consumer— — — — 153 153 
Total consumer2,341 924 2,457 5,722 474,156 479,878 
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3)
$158 158 
Total consumer loans and leases2,341 924 2,457 5,722 474,156 158 480,036 
Commercial
U.S. commercial1,491 280 545 2,316 449,635 451,951 
Non-U.S. commercial162 34 66 262 160,460 160,722 
Commercial real estate (4)
159 12 760 931 68,684 69,615 
Commercial lease financing65 9 55 129 15,816 15,945 
U.S. small business commercial213 93 225 531 22,636 23,167 
Total commercial2,090 428 1,651 4,169 717,231 721,400 
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3)
3,599 3,599 
Total commercial loans and leases2,090 428 1,651 4,169 717,231 3,599 724,999 
Total loans and leases (5)
$4,431 $1,352 $4,108 $9,891 $1,191,387 $3,757 $1,205,035 
Percentage of outstandings 0.37 %0.11 %0.34 %0.82 %98.87 %0.31 %100.00 %
(1)Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $166 million and nonperforming loans of $159 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $53 million and nonperforming loans of $99 million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $240 million and nonperforming loans of $777 million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $1.5 billion, and direct/indirect consumer includes $61 million of nonperforming loans.
(2)Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $53.9 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $56.2 billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.1 billion.
(3)Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $56 million and home equity loans of $102 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $2.5 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $1.1 billion. For more information, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
(4)Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $64.2 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $5.5 billion.
(5)Total outstandings includes loans and leases of $47.4 billion pledged as collateral to the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB). The Corporation also pledged $315.9 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the Federal Reserve Bank (FRB) and FHLB.
30-59 Days
Past Due (1)
60-89 Days
 Past Due (1)
90 Days or
More
Past Due (1)
Total Past
Due 30 Days
or More
Total
Current or
Less Than
30 Days
Past Due (1)
Loans
Accounted
for Under
the Fair
Value Option		Total Outstandings
(Dollars in millions)December 31, 2025
Consumer real estate      
Residential mortgage$1,335 $304 $774 $2,413 $233,889 $236,302 
Home equity87 33 120 240 26,583 26,823 
Credit card and other consumer     
Credit card711 542 1,351 2,604 103,423  106,027 
Direct/Indirect consumer (2)
324 114 109 547 113,583  114,130 
Other consumer — — — — 144  144 
Total consumer2,457 993 2,354 5,804 477,622 483,426 
Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option (3)
$165 165 
Total consumer loans and leases2,457 993 2,354 5,804 477,622 165 483,591 
Commercial       
U.S. commercial743 228 702 1,673 434,569  436,242 
Non-U.S. commercial78 10 59 147 154,898  155,045 
Commercial real estate (4)
190 41 909 1,140 67,608  68,748 
Commercial lease financing67 17 75 159 16,082  16,241 
U.S. small business commercial228 96 211 535 21,965  22,500 
Total commercial1,306 392 1,956 3,654 695,122  698,776 
Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option (3)
3,333 3,333 
Total commercial loans and leases
1,306 392 1,956 3,654 695,122 3,333 702,109 
Total loans and leases (5)
$3,763 $1,385 $4,310 $9,458 $1,172,744 $3,498 $1,185,700 
Percentage of outstandings 0.32 %0.12 %0.36 %0.80 %98.91 %0.29 %100.00 %
(1)Consumer real estate loans 30-59 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $179 million and nonperforming loans of $164 million. Consumer real estate loans 60-89 days past due includes fully-insured loans of $63 million and nonperforming loans of $105 million. Consumer real estate loans 90 days or more past due includes fully-insured loans of $207 million and nonperforming loans of $687 million. Consumer real estate loans current or less than 30 days past due includes $1.4 billion, and direct/indirect consumer includes $45 million of nonperforming loans.
(2)Total outstandings primarily includes auto and specialty lending loans and leases of $55.3 billion, U.S. securities-based lending loans of $55.0 billion and non-U.S. consumer loans of $3.0 billion.
(3)Consumer loans accounted for under the fair value option includes residential mortgage loans of $58 million and home equity loans of $107 million. Commercial loans accounted for under the fair value option includes U.S. commercial loans of $2.1 billion and non-U.S. commercial loans of $1.2 billion. For more information, see Note 14 – Fair Value Measurements and Note 15 – Fair Value Option.
(4)Total outstandings includes U.S. commercial real estate loans of $62.7 billion and non-U.S. commercial real estate loans of $6.0 billion.
(5)Total outstandings includes loans and leases of $39.5 billion pledged as collateral to the FHLB. The Corporation also pledged $313.7 billion of loans with no related outstanding borrowings to secure potential borrowing capacity with the FRB and FHLB.
The Corporation has entered into long-term credit protection agreements with FNMA and FHLMC on loans totaling $7.1 billion and $7.2 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, providing full credit protection on residential mortgage loans that become severely delinquent. All of these loans are individually insured, and therefore the Corporation does not record an allowance for credit losses related to these loans.
Nonperforming Loans and Leases
Nonperforming loans were $5.8 billion at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Commercial nonperforming loans were $3.2 billion at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, primarily comprised of U.S. commercial and commercial real estate. Consumer nonperforming loans of $2.7 billion and $2.6 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 increased
$104 million driven by extended residential mortgage relief provided to borrowers for their home rebuilding efforts following the 2025 California wildfires.
The following table presents the Corporation’s nonperforming loans and leases and loans accruing past due 90 days or more at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Nonperforming loans held-for-sale (LHFS) are excluded from nonperforming loans and leases, as they are recorded at either fair value or the lower of cost or fair value. For more information on the criteria for classification as nonperforming, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Credit Quality
Nonperforming Loans
and Leases		Accruing Past Due
90 Days or More
(Dollars in millions)March 31
2026		December 31
2025		March 31
2026		December 31
2025
Residential mortgage (1)
$2,103 $2,008 $240 $207 
With no related allowance (2)
1,853 1,774 — — 
Home equity (1)
391 392 — — 
With no related allowance (2)
313 310 — — 
Credit Card            n/a            n/a1,341 1,351 
Direct/indirect consumer186 176 1 5 
Total consumer2,680 2,576 1,582 1,563 
U.S. commercial1,488 1,404 178 302 
Non-U.S. commercial334 80 5 9 
Commercial real estate1,191 1,596 22 10 
Commercial lease financing85 97 21 33 
U.S. small business commercial53 51 209 204 
Total commercial3,151 3,228 435 558 
Total nonperforming loans$5,831 $5,804 $2,017 $2,121 
Percentage of outstanding loans and leases
0.49 %0.49 %0.17 %0.18 %
(1)Residential mortgage loans accruing past due 90 days or more are fully-insured loans. At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 residential mortgage included $115 million and $104 million of loans on which interest had been curtailed by the Federal Housing Administration (FHA), and therefore were no longer accruing interest, although principal was still insured, and $125 million and $103 million of loans on which interest was still accruing.
(2)Primarily relates to loans for which the estimated fair value of the underlying collateral less any costs to sell is greater than the amortized cost of the loans as of the reporting date.
n/a = not applicable
Credit Quality Indicators
The Corporation monitors credit quality within its Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments based on primary credit quality indicators. For more information on the portfolio segments, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. Within the Consumer Real Estate portfolio segment, the primary credit quality indicators are refreshed loan-to-value (LTV) and refreshed Fair Isaac Corporation (FICO) score. Refreshed LTV measures the carrying value of the loan as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. Home equity loans are evaluated using combined loan-to-value (CLTV), which measures the carrying value of the Corporation’s loan and available line of credit combined with any outstanding senior liens against the property as a percentage of the value of the property securing the loan, refreshed quarterly. FICO score measures the creditworthiness of the borrower based on the financial obligations of the borrower and the borrower’s credit history. FICO scores are typically refreshed quarterly or more frequently. Certain borrowers (e.g., borrowers that have had debts discharged in a
bankruptcy proceeding) may not have their FICO scores updated. FICO scores are also a primary credit quality indicator for the Credit Card and Other Consumer portfolio segment and the business card portfolio within U.S. small business commercial. Within the Commercial portfolio segment, loans are evaluated using the internal classifications of pass rated or reservable criticized as the primary credit quality indicators. The term reservable criticized refers to those commercial loans that are internally classified or listed by the Corporation as Special Mention, Substandard or Doubtful, which are asset quality categories defined by regulatory authorities. These assets have an elevated level of risk and may have a high probability of default or total loss. Pass rated refers to all loans not considered reservable criticized. In addition to these primary credit quality indicators, the Corporation uses other credit quality indicators for certain types of loans.
The following tables present certain credit quality indicators and gross charge-offs for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by year of origination, except for revolving loans and revolving loans that were modified into term loans, which are shown on an aggregate basis at March 31, 2026.
Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage
Term Loans by Origination Year
(Dollars in millions)Total as of March 31,
 2026		20262025202420232022Prior
Residential Mortgage
Refreshed LTV
   
Less than or equal to 90 percent$223,480 $6,335 $21,511 $13,236 $11,866 $36,432 $134,100 
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent
2,371 92 709 598 372 414 186 
Greater than 100 percent
1,441 133 485 410 151 160 102 
Fully-insured loans
8,884 4 161 199 164 272 8,084 
Total Residential Mortgage$236,176 $6,564 $22,866 $14,443 $12,553 $37,278 $142,472 
Residential Mortgage
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620$3,121 $50 $216 $240 $188 $530 $1,897 
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 6602,283 37 182 137 147 378 1,402 
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 74024,438 486 2,419 1,663 1,397 4,134 14,339 
Greater than or equal to 740
197,450 5,987 19,888 12,204 10,657 31,964 116,750 
Fully-insured loans
8,884 4 161 199 164 272 8,084 
Total Residential Mortgage$236,176 $6,564 $22,866 $14,443 $12,553 $37,278 $142,472 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026$9 $— $1 $3 $1 $2 $2 
Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators
Total
Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1)
Revolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2026
Home Equity
Refreshed LTV
   
Less than or equal to 90 percent$26,596 $667 $22,849 $3,080 
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent
96 6 86 4 
Greater than 100 percent
70 8 53 9 
Total Home Equity$26,762 $681 $22,988 $3,093 
Home Equity
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620$706 $65 $408 $233 
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660588 43 377 168 
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 7404,990 164 4,042 784 
Greater than or equal to 740
20,478 409 18,161 1,908 
Total Home Equity$26,762 $681 $22,988 $3,093 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026$7 $— $5 $2 
(1)Includes reverse mortgages of $451 million and home equity loans of $230 million, which are no longer originated.
Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage
Direct/Indirect
Term Loans by Origination YearCredit Card
(Dollars in millions)Total Direct/
Indirect as of March 31, 2026		Revolving Loans20262025202420232022PriorTotal Credit Card as of March 31, 2026Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)
Refreshed FICO score  
Less than 620$1,538 $7 $25 $348 $379 $370 $272 $137 $6,172 $5,784 $388 
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 6601,225 3 68 368 294 236 167 89 5,799 5,546 253 
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 7408,917 33 941 3,345 1,995 1,278 830 495 40,131 39,621 510 
Greater than or equal to 74042,266 42 4,087 16,226 10,272 5,721 3,505 2,413 50,731 50,644 87 
Other internal credit
   metrics (2,3)
60,008 59,306 62 216 60 40 69 255 — — — 
Total credit card and other
   consumer		$113,954 $59,391 $5,183 $20,503 $13,000 $7,645 $4,843 $3,389 $102,833 $101,595 $1,238 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026$105 $1 $— $39 $21 $19 $13 $12 $1,144 $1,102 $42 
(1)Represents loans that were modified into term loans.
(2)Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(3)Direct/indirect consumer includes $59.3 billion of securities-based lending, which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at March 31, 2026.
Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1)
Term Loans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(Dollars in millions)Total as of
March 31, 2026		20262025202420232022PriorRevolving Loans
U.S. Commercial
Risk ratings    
Pass rated$439,963 $15,830 $55,863 $35,821 $21,994 $26,036 $51,366 $233,053 
Reservable criticized11,988 3 220 877 1,017 984 2,465 6,422 
Total U.S. Commercial
$451,951 $15,833 $56,083 $36,698 $23,011 $27,020 $53,831 $239,475 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026$141 $— $3 $3 $9 $23 $20 $83 
Non-U.S. Commercial
Risk ratings
Pass rated$158,285 $4,533 $24,120 $18,941 $9,062 $7,894 $14,597 $79,138 
Reservable criticized2,437 — 244 106 395 186 175 1,331 
Total Non-U.S. Commercial
$160,722 $4,533 $24,364 $19,047 $9,457 $8,080 $14,772 $80,469 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026$7 $— $— $— $7 $— $— $— 
Commercial Real Estate
Risk ratings
Pass rated$61,998 $2,896 $11,847 $5,427 $4,107 $7,533 $19,362 $10,826 
Reservable criticized7,617 9 5 172 248 2,119 4,504 560 
Total Commercial Real Estate
$69,615 $2,905 $11,852 $5,599 $4,355 $9,652 $23,866 $11,386 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026$89 $— $— $— $— $2 $87 $— 
Commercial Lease Financing
Risk ratings
Pass rated$15,401 $591 $3,805 $2,905 $2,561 $1,655 $3,884 $— 
Reservable criticized544 — 24 102 151 112 155 — 
Total Commercial Lease Financing
$15,945 $591 $3,829 $3,007 $2,712 $1,767 $4,039 $— 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026$13 $— $— $1 $6 $4 $2 $— 
U.S. Small Business Commercial (2)
Risk ratings
Pass rated$11,213 $553 $2,384 $1,863 $1,604 $1,407 $2,588 $814 
Reservable criticized627 — 26 115 187 103 189 7 
Total U.S. Small Business Commercial
$11,840 $553 $2,410 $1,978 $1,791 $1,510 $2,777 $821 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026$9 $— $1 $— $1 $1 $2 $4 
Total$710,073 $24,415 $98,538 $66,329 $41,326 $48,029 $99,285 $332,151 
Gross charge-offs for the three months ended March 31, 2026$259 $— $4 $4 $23 $30 $111 $87 
(1)Excludes $3.6 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at March 31, 2026.
(2)Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $11.3 billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $798 million for less than 620; $656 million for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660; $3.7 billion for greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740; and $6.2 billion for greater than or equal to 740. Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans gross charge-offs of $146 million.
The following tables present certain credit quality indicators for the Corporation's Consumer Real Estate, Credit Card and Other Consumer, and Commercial portfolio segments by year of origination, except for revolving loans and revolving loans that were modified into term loans, which are shown on an aggregate basis at December 31, 2025.
Residential Mortgage – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage
Term Loans by Origination Year
(Dollars in millions)Total as of December 31,
 2025		20252024202320222021Prior
Residential Mortgage
Refreshed LTV
Less than or equal to 90 percent$223,761 $22,998 $14,267 $12,431 $37,042 $69,829 $67,194 
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent
2,318 737 644 375 405 94 63 
Greater than 100 percent
1,147 453 341 126 137 50 40 
Fully-insured loans
9,076 157 198 167 277 2,890 5,387 
Total Residential Mortgage$236,302 $24,345 $15,450 $13,099 $37,861 $72,863 $72,684 
Residential Mortgage
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620$3,076 $197 $242 $193 $533 $724 $1,187 
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 6602,277 192 150 143 408 540 844 
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 74025,065 2,488 1,854 1,507 4,253 6,668 8,295 
Greater than or equal to 740196,808 21,311 13,006 11,089 32,390 62,041 56,971 
Fully-insured loans
9,076 157 198 167 277 2,890 5,387 
Total Residential Mortgage$236,302 $24,345 $15,450 $13,099 $37,861 $72,863 $72,684 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2025$24 $— $4 $6 $6 $2 $6 
Home Equity - Credit Quality Indicators
Total
Home Equity Loans and Reverse Mortgages (1)
Revolving LoansRevolving Loans Converted to Term Loans
(Dollars in millions)December 31, 2025
Home Equity
Refreshed LTV
Less than or equal to 90 percent$26,686 $687 $22,909 $3,090 
Greater than 90 percent but less than or equal to 100 percent
70 3 63 4 
Greater than 100 percent
67 7 51 9 
Total Home Equity$26,823 $697 $23,023 $3,103 
Home Equity
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620$701 $67 $399 $235 
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660595 44 375 176 
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 7405,036 173 4,057 806 
Greater than or equal to 740
20,491 413 18,192 1,886 
Total Home Equity$26,823 $697 $23,023 $3,103 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended December 31, 2025$16 $— $10 $6 
(1)Includes reverse mortgages of $457 million and home equity loans of $240 million, which are no longer originated.
Credit Card and Direct/Indirect Consumer – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage
Direct/Indirect
Term Loans by Origination YearCredit Card
(Dollars in millions)Total Direct/Indirect as of December 31, 2025Revolving Loans20252024202320222021PriorTotal Credit Card as of December 31, 2025Revolving Loans
Revolving Loans Converted to Term Loans (1)
Refreshed FICO score
Less than 620$1,560 $8 $274 $386 $404 $306 $141 $41 $6,255 $5,872 $383 
Greater than or equal to 620 and less than 6601,251 4 352 327 266 186 85 31 5,883 5,640 243 
Greater than or equal to 660 and less than 7409,117 37 3,739 2,236 1,491 986 439 189 41,176 40,679 497 
Greater than or equal to 74043,475 49 18,136 11,534 6,744 4,107 1,865 1,040 52,713 52,632 81 
Other internal credit
   metrics (2, 3)
58,727 57,999 222 66 31 174 39 196 — — — 
Total credit card and other
   consumer		$114,130 $58,097 $22,723 $14,549 $8,936 $5,759 $2,569 $1,497 $106,027 $104,823 $1,204 
Gross charge-offs for the year
   ended December 31, 2025		$373 $6 $44 $110 $92 $64 $26 $31 $4,498 $4,338 $160 
(1)Represents loans that were modified into term loans.
(2)Other internal credit metrics may include delinquency status, geography or other factors.
(3)Direct/indirect consumer includes $58.0 billion of securities-based lending, which is typically supported by highly liquid collateral with market value greater than or equal to the outstanding loan balance and therefore has minimal credit risk at December 31, 2025.
Commercial – Credit Quality Indicators By Vintage (1)
Term Loans
Amortized Cost Basis by Origination Year
(Dollars in millions)Total as of December 31, 202520252024202320222021PriorRevolving Loans
U.S. Commercial
Risk ratings    
Pass rated$424,708 $61,845 $39,127 $23,611 $26,931 $16,001 $36,627 $220,566 
Reservable criticized11,534 164 772 965 946 611 2,091 5,985 
Total U.S. Commercial
$436,242 $62,009 $39,899 $24,576 $27,877 $16,612 $38,718 $226,551 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended
   December 31, 2025		$536 $3 $13 $35 $101 $12 $34 $338 
Non-U.S. Commercial
Risk ratings
Pass rated$152,364 $25,753 $21,446 $9,613 $8,612 $9,223 $6,066 $71,651 
Reservable criticized2,681 120 117 478 311 63 114 1,478 
Total Non-U.S. Commercial
$155,045 $25,873 $21,563 $10,091 $8,923 $9,286 $6,180 $73,129 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended
   December 31, 2025		$33 $— $— $7 $— $8 $— $18 
Commercial Real Estate
Risk ratings
Pass rated$60,435 $11,693 $5,607 $4,418 $8,136 $6,175 $13,796 $10,610 
Reservable criticized8,313 5 249 366 2,294 1,986 2,874 539 
Total Commercial Real Estate
$68,748 $11,698 $5,856 $4,784 $10,430 $8,161 $16,670 $11,149 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended
   December 31, 2025		$520 $— $— $— $56 $102 $360 $2 
Commercial Lease Financing
Risk ratings
Pass rated$15,770 $3,916 $3,142 $2,763 $1,847 $1,625 $2,477 $— 
Reservable criticized471 13 91 131 119 36 81 — 
Total Commercial Lease Financing
$16,241 $3,929 $3,233 $2,894 $1,966 $1,661 $2,558 $— 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended
   December 31, 2025		$8 $— $2 $3 $2 $1 $— $— 
U.S. Small Business Commercial (2)
Risk ratings
Pass rated$11,001 $2,368 $1,908 $1,657 $1,471 $1,131 $1,670 $796 
Reservable criticized559 14 100 174 95 76 92 8 
Total U.S. Small Business Commercial
$11,560 $2,382 $2,008 $1,831 $1,566 $1,207 $1,762 $804 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended
   December 31, 2025		$32 $— $1 $2 $3 $2 $6 $18 
 Total $687,836 $105,891 $72,559 $44,176 $50,762 $36,927 $65,888 $311,633 
Gross charge-offs for the year ended
   December 31, 2025		$1,129 $3 $16 $47 $162 $125 $400 $376 
(1) Excludes $3.3 billion of loans accounted for under the fair value option at December 31, 2025.
(2) Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans of $10.9 billion. Refreshed FICO scores for this portfolio are $785 million for less than 620; $651 million for greater than or equal to 620 and less than 660; $3.6 billion for greater than or equal to 660 and less than 740; and $5.9 billion greater than or equal to 740. Excludes U.S. Small Business Card loans gross charge-offs of $555 million.
During the three months ended March 31, 2026, commercial reservable criticized utilized exposure decreased to $24.3 billion at March 31, 2026 from $24.7 billion (to 3.21 percent from 3.37 percent of total commercial reservable utilized exposure) at December 31, 2025, primarily driven by commercial real estate.
Loan Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty
As part of its credit risk management, the Corporation may modify a loan agreement with a borrower experiencing financial difficulties through a refinancing or restructuring of the borrower’s loan agreement (modification programs).
Consumer Real Estate
The following modification programs are offered for consumer real estate loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulties.
Forbearance and Other Payment Plans: Forbearance plans generally consist of the Corporation suspending the borrower’s payments for a defined period, with those payments then due over a defined period of time or at the conclusion of the forbearance period. The aging status of a loan is generally frozen when it enters into a forbearance plan. If a borrower is unable to fulfill their obligations under the forbearance plans, they may be offered a trial offer or permanent modification.
Trial Offer and Permanent Modifications: Trial offer for modification plans generally consist of the Corporation offering a borrower modified loan terms that reduce their contractual payments temporarily over a three-to-four-month trial period. If the customer successfully makes the modified payments during the trial period and formally accepts the modified terms, the modified loan terms become permanent. Some borrowers may enter into permanent modifications without a trial period. In a permanent modification, the borrower’s payment terms are typically modified in more than one manner, but generally include a term extension and an interest rate reduction. At times, the permanent modification may also include principal forgiveness and/or a deferral of past due principal and interest amounts to the end of the loan term. The combinations utilized are based on modifying the terms that give the borrower an improved ability to meet the contractual obligations. The term extensions granted for residential mortgage and home equity permanent modifications vary widely and can be up to 30 years, but most are in the range of 1 to 20 years. Principal forgiveness and payment deferrals were insignificant during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
The table below provides the ending amortized cost of the Corporation’s consumer real estate loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Consumer Real Estate - Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty
Forbearance and Other Payment Plans (1)
Permanent ModificationTotalAs a % of Financing Receivables
(Dollars in millions)
March 31, 2026
Residential Loans$117 $37 $154 0.07 %
Home Equity3 4 7 0.03 
Total$120 $41 $161 0.06 
March 31, 2025
Residential Loans$8 $42 $50 0.02 %
Home Equity— 7 7 0.03 
Total$8 $49 $57 0.02 
(1)Limited to those modifications that had an other-than-insignificant delay in payment, including extended residential mortgage relief provided to borrowers for their home rebuilding efforts following the 2025 California wildfires.

The table below presents the financial effect of modified consumer real estate loans.
Financial Effect of Modified Consumer Real Estate Loans
Three Months Ended March 31
20262025
Forbearance and Other Payment Plans
Weighted-average duration
Residential Mortgage11 months4 months
Home Equityn/mn/m
Permanent Modifications
Weighted-average Term Extension
Residential Mortgage10.4 years9.8 years
Home Equity7.2 years18.4 years
Weighted-average Interest Rate Reduction
Residential Mortgage1.62 %1.41 %
Home Equity3.69 %1.99 %
n/m = not meaningful
For consumer real estate borrowers in financial difficulty that received a forbearance, trial or permanent modification, commitments to lend additional funds were not significant at March 31, 2026 and 2025.
The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. If a forbearance plan results in an other‑than‑insignificant payment delay, whether at inception or due to a subsequent extension, the loan’s payment status is based on the original contractual terms. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and
2025, defaults of residential and home equity loans that had been modified within 12 months were insignificant. The table below provides aging information as of March 31, 2026 and 2025 for consumer real estate loans that were modified over the last 12 months.

Consumer Real Estate - Payment Status of Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty
Current
30–89 Days
Past Due
90+ Days
Past Due
Total
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2026
Residential mortgage$120 $35 $156 $311 
Home equity16 1 3 20 
Total$136 $36 $159 $331 
March 31, 2025
Residential mortgage$111 $46 $51 $208 
Home equity27 2 2 31 
Total$138 $48 $53 $239 
Consumer real estate foreclosed properties totaled $58 million at both March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. The carrying value of consumer real estate loans, including fully-insured loans, for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, was $422 million and $411 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Corporation reclassified $11 million and $12 million of consumer real estate loans to foreclosed properties or, for properties acquired upon foreclosure of certain government-guaranteed loans (principally FHA-insured loans), to other assets. The reclassifications represent non-cash investing activities and, accordingly, are not reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
Credit Card and Other Consumer
Credit card and other consumer loans are primarily modified by placing the customer on a fixed payment plan with a significantly reduced fixed interest rate, with terms ranging from 6 months to 72 months, most of which had a 60-month term at March 31, 2026. In certain circumstances, the Corporation will forgive a portion of the outstanding balance if the borrower makes payments up to a set amount. The Corporation makes modifications directly with borrowers for loans held by the Corporation (internal programs) as well as through third-party renegotiation agencies that provide solutions to customers’ entire unsecured debt structures (external programs). The March 31, 2026 amortized cost of credit card and other consumer loans that were modified through these programs during the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $238 million compared to $217 million during the three months ended March 31, 2025. These modifications represented 0.11 percent of outstanding credit card and other consumer loans for both the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the financial effect of modifications resulted in a weighted-average interest rate reduction of 17.74 percent and 18.37 percent, and principal forgiveness of $25 million in both periods.
The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, defaults of credit card and other consumer loans that had been modified within 12 months were not significant. At March 31, 2026, modified credit card and other consumer loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty over the last 12 months totaled $715 million, of which $609 million were current, $59 million were 30-89 days past due, and $47 million were greater than 90 days past due. At March 31, 2025, modified credit card and other consumer loans to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty totaled $632 million, of which $530 million were current, $54 million were 30-89 days past due, and $48 million were greater than 90 days past due.
Commercial Loans
Modifications of loans to commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty are designed to reduce the Corporation’s loss exposure while providing borrowers with an opportunity to work through financial difficulties, often to avoid foreclosure or bankruptcy. Each modification is unique, reflects the borrower’s individual circumstances and is designed to benefit the borrower while mitigating the Corporation’s risk exposure. Commercial modifications are primarily term extensions and payment forbearances. Payment forbearances involve the Corporation forbearing its contractual right to collect certain payments or payment in full (maturity forbearance) for a defined period of time. Reductions in interest rates and principal forgiveness occur infrequently for commercial borrowers. Principal forgiveness may occur in connection with foreclosure, short sales or other settlement agreements, leading to termination or sale of the loan. The following table provides the ending amortized cost of commercial loans modified during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
Commercial Loans - Modifications to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty
Term ExtensionForbearancesInterest Rate ReductionTotalAs a % of Financing Receivables
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2026
U.S. commercial$785$44$—$8290.18 %
Non-U.S. commercial13——130.01 
Commercial real estate122320—4420.63 
Total$920$364$—$1,2840.19 
March 31, 2025
U.S. commercial$269$33$—$3020.08 %
Non-U.S. commercial159—240.02 
Commercial real estate636421—1,0571.61 
Total$920$463$—$1,3830.23 
Term extensions granted increased the weighted-average life of the impacted loans by 1.6 years for both the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The weighted-average duration of loan payments deferred under the Corporation’s commercial loan forbearance program was 1.3 years and 8 months during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. The deferral period for loan payments can vary, but are mostly in the range of 8 months to two years. Modifications of loans to troubled borrowers for Commercial Lease Financing and U.S. Small Business Commercial were not significant during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025.
The Corporation tracks the performance of modified loans to assess effectiveness of modification programs. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, defaults of commercial loans that had been modified within 12 months were $209 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2025, defaults of commercial loans that had been modified within the last 12 months were $444 million. The table below provides aging information as of March 31, 2026 and 2025 for commercial loans that were modified over the last 12 months.

Commercial - Payment Status of Modified Loans to Borrowers in Financial Difficulty
​
Current
30–89 Days
Past Due
90+ Days
Past Due
Total
(Dollars in millions)March 31, 2026
U.S. Commercial$1,564 $658 $173 $2,395
Non-U.S. Commercial49 — — 49
Commercial Real Estate
949 — 527 1,476
Total$2,562 $658 $700 $3,920
March 31, 2025
U.S. Commercial$1,189 $27 $49 $1,265
Non-U.S. Commercial55 9 — 64
Commercial Real Estate1,996 103 678 2,777
Total$3,240 $139 $727 $4,106
For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Corporation had commitments to lend $477 million and $86 million to commercial borrowers experiencing financial difficulty whose loans were modified during the period.
Loans Held-for-sale
The Corporation had LHFS of $10.9 billion and $5.2 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. Cash and non-cash proceeds from sales and paydowns of loans originally classified as LHFS were $6.8 billion and $13.9 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Cash used for originations and purchases of LHFS totaled $12.5 billion and $10.5 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. For the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, non-cash net transfers into LHFS were not significant.
Accrued Interest Receivable
Accrued interest receivable for loans and leases and LHFS was $4.1 billion and $4.2 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and is reported in customer and other receivables on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.
Outstanding credit card loan balances include unpaid principal, interest and fees. Credit card loans are not classified as nonperforming but are charged off no later than the end of
the month in which the account becomes 180 days past due, within 60 days after receipt of notification of death or bankruptcy, or upon confirmation of fraud. During the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, the Corporation reversed $222 million and $231 million of interest and fee income against the income statement line item in which it was originally recorded upon charge-off of the principal balance of the loan.
For the outstanding residential mortgage, home equity, direct/indirect consumer and commercial loan balances classified as nonperforming during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, interest and fee income reversed at the time the loans were classified as nonperforming was not significant. For more information on the Corporation's nonperforming loan policies, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses is estimated using quantitative and qualitative methods that consider a variety of factors, such as historical loss experience, the current credit quality of the
portfolio and an economic outlook over the life of the loan. Qualitative reserves cover losses that are expected but, in the Corporation's assessment, may not adequately be reflected in the quantitative methods or the economic assumptions. The economic outlook is a significant factor and incorporates forward-looking information through the use of several macroeconomic scenarios in determining the weighted economic outlook over the forecasted life of the assets. These scenarios include key macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product, unemployment rate, real estate prices and corporate bond spreads. The scenarios that are chosen each quarter and the weighting given to each scenario depend on a variety of factors including recent economic events, leading economic indicators, internal and third-party economist views, and industry trends. For more information on the Corporation's credit loss accounting policies including the allowance for credit losses, see Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Principles to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Corporation’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The March 31, 2026 estimate for allowance for credit losses was based on various economic scenarios, including a baseline scenario derived from consensus estimates, an adverse scenario reflecting an extended moderate recession, a downside scenario reflecting continued inflation, a tail risk scenario similar to the severely adverse scenario used in stress testing and an upside scenario that considers the potential for improvement above the baseline scenario. The Corporation’s overall weighted economic outlook as of March 31, 2026 remained relatively stable as compared to the weighted economic outlook estimated as of December 31, 2025. The weighted economic outlook for the Corporation’s quantitative reserves assumes that the U.S. average unemployment rate will be approximately five percent in the fourth quarter of 2026 and will remain near this level through the fourth quarter of 2027. It also assumes U.S. real gross domestic product will grow at 1.5 percent and 1.8 percent year-over-year in the fourth quarters of 2026 and 2027.
The allowance for credit losses decreased $71 million from December 31, 2025 to $14.3 billion at March 31, 2026. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses was driven by continued improvement in credit card and commercial real estate, partially offset by loan growth and a qualitative reserve build related to uncertainties associated with the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East. The change in the allowance for credit losses was comprised of a net decrease of $55 million in the allowance for loan and lease losses and a decrease of $16 million in the reserve for unfunded lending commitments. The decrease in the allowance for credit losses was attributed to a decrease in the credit card and other consumer portfolios of $110 million, partially offset by an increase in the commercial portfolio of $25 million and the consumer real estate portfolio of $14 million.
The provision for credit losses decreased $143 million to $1.3 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. The decline in the provision for credit losses was attributed to a decrease in consumer of $137 million and commercial of $6 million. The decrease in consumer was primarily driven by improvement in asset quality in credit card. The provision for credit losses in commercial was relatively unchanged, as loan growth and a qualitative reserve build related to uncertainties associated with the ongoing conflicts in the Middle East were largely offset by improvement in asset quality in commercial real estate.
Net charge-offs decreased $43 million to $1.4 billion for the three months ended March 31, 2026 compared to the same period in 2025. The decline in net charge-offs was attributed to a $60 million decrease in the consumer portfolio due to asset quality improvement in credit card, partially offset by a $17 million increase in the commercial portfolio primarily due to corporate and commercial lending.
The changes in the allowance for credit losses, including net charge-offs and provision for loan and lease losses, are detailed in the table below.
Consumer
Real Estate		Credit Card and Other ConsumerCommercialTotal
(Dollars in millions)Three Months Ended March 31, 2026
Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1$416 $7,964 $4,823 $13,203 
Loans and leases charged off(16)(1,316)(405)(1,737)
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off18 255 55 328 
Net charge-offs2 (1,061)(350)(1,409)
Provision for loan and lease losses(1)950 404 1,353 
Other — 1 — 1 
Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31
417 7,854 4,877 13,148 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 162 — 1,115 1,177 
Provision for unfunded lending commitments13 — (29)(16)
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31
75 — 1,086 1,161 
Allowance for credit losses, March 31
$492 $7,854 $5,963 $14,309 
Three Months Ended March 31, 2025
Allowance for loan and lease losses, January 1$293 $8,277 $4,670 $13,240 
Loans and leases charged off(6)(1,349)(378)(1,733)
Recoveries of loans and leases previously charged off18 218 45 281 
Net charge-offs12 (1,131)(333)(1,452)
Provision for loan and lease losses32 1,067 367 1,466 
Other3 (1)— 2 
Allowance for loan and lease losses, March 31
340 8,212 4,704 13,256 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, January 157 — 1,039 1,096 
Provision for unfunded lending commitments— — 14 14 
Reserve for unfunded lending commitments, March 31
57 — 1,053 1,110 
Allowance for credit losses, March 31
$397 $8,212 $5,757 $14,366