Taxes (Tables)
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12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2020 |
| Taxes |
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| Income before income taxes |
| | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | | | | For the year ended December 31: | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | Income/(loss) from continuing operations before income taxes | | | | | | | | | | U.S. operations | | $ | (1,726) | | $ | (315) | | $ | 627 | Non-U.S. operations | | | 6,363 | | | 10,481 | | | 10,715 | Total income from continuing operations before income taxes | | $ | 4,637 | | $ | 10,166 | | $ | 11,342 | | | | | | | | | | |
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| Components of the provision for income taxes by geographic operations and taxing jurisdiction |
| | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | | | | For the year ended December 31: | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | U.S. operations | | $ | 2,004 | | $ | (408) | | $ | 1,199 | Non-U.S. operations | | | (2,868) | | | 1,139 | | | 1,420 | Total continuing operations provision for/(benefit from) income taxes | | $ | (864) | | $ | 731 | | $ | 2,619 | | | | | | | | | | |
| | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | | | | For the year ended December 31: | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | U.S. federal | | | | | | | | | | Current | | $ | 315 | | $ | 331 | | $ | (342) | Deferred | | | 1,177 | | | (839) | | | 1,377 | | | $ | 1,492 | | $ | (508) | | $ | 1,035 | U.S. state and local | | | | | | | | | | Current | | $ | 316 | | $ | (85) | | $ | 127 | Deferred | | | (315) | | | (82) | | | (292) | | | $ | 1 | | $ | (167) | | $ | (165) | Non-U.S. | | | | | | | | | | Current | | $ | 1,827 | | $ | 1,829 | | $ | 2,135 | Deferred | | | (4,184) | | | (423) | | | (386) | | | $ | (2,357) | | $ | 1,406 | | $ | 1,749 | Total continuing operations provision for/(benefit from) income taxes | | $ | (864) | | $ | 731 | | $ | 2,619 | Discontinued operations provision for/(benefit from) income taxes | | | (13) | | | (1) | | | 2 | Provision for social security, real estate, personal property and other taxes | | | 3,199 | | | 3,304 | | | 3,322 | Total taxes included in net income | | $ | 2,322 | | $ | 4,034 | | $ | 5,943 | | | | | | | | | | |
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| Effective income tax rate reconciliation |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | For the year ended December 31: | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | | Statutory rate | | 21 | % | 21 | % | 21 | % | Enactment of U.S. tax reform | | — | | 1 | | 18 | | Tax differential on foreign income | | (15) | | (11) | | (9) | | Intra-entity IP sale | | (20) | | — | | — | | Domestic incentives | | (4) | | (2) | | (3) | | State and local | | 0 | | (1) | | (1) | | Other | | (1) | | (1) | | (3) | | Effective rate | | (19) | % | 7 | % | 23 | % | | | | | | | | |
Percentages rounded for disclosure purposes.
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| Components of deferred tax assets and liabilities |
Deferred Tax Assets | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | | At December 31: | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Retirement benefits | | $ | 3,946 | | $ | 3,766 | | Leases | | | 1,525 | | | 1,729 | | Share-based and other compensation | | | 616 | | | 637 | | Domestic tax loss/credit carryforwards | | | 1,746 | | | 1,259 | | Deferred income | | | 712 | | | 600 | | Foreign tax loss/credit carryforwards | | | 818 | | | 836 | | Bad debt, inventory and warranty reserves | | | 361 | | | 298 | | Depreciation | | | 308 | | | 253 | | Hedging losses | | | 576 | | | — | | Restructuring charges | | | 302 | | | 138 | ** | Accruals | | | 483 | | | 368 | | Intangible assets | | | 3,540 | * | | 592 | | Capitalized research and development | | | 1,387 | | | 722 | | Other | | | 1,441 | | | 1,300 | | Gross deferred tax assets | | | 17,761 | | | 12,498 | | Less: valuation allowance | | | 850 | | | 608 | | Net deferred tax assets | | $ | 16,911 | | $ | 11,890 | | | | | | | | | |
* Deferred Tax Liabilities | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | | At December 31: | | 2020 | | 2019 | | Goodwill and intangible assets | | $ | 2,679 | | $ | 3,111 | | GILTI deferred taxes | | | 4,365 | * | | 1,908 | | Leases and right-of-use assets | | | 1,908 | | | 2,216 | | Depreciation | | | 709 | | | 728 | | Retirement benefits | | | 1,221 | | | 1,002 | | Software development costs | | | 1,007 | | | 1,075 | | Deferred transition costs | | | 205 | | | 233 | | Undistributed foreign earnings | | | 307 | | | 725 | | Other | | | 741 | | | 940 | | Gross deferred tax liabilities | | $ | 13,142 | | $ | 11,938 | | | | | | | | | |
* The increase in the balance was primarily due to an intra-entity sale of intellectual property in the first quarter of 2020. ** Previously included in Other.
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| Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits |
| | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | 2020 | | 2019 | | 2018 | Balance at January 1 | | $ | 7,146 | | $ | 6,759 | | $ | 7,031 | Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | | | 1,690 | | | 816 | | | 394 | Additions for tax positions of prior years | | | 159 | | | 779 | | | 1,201 | Reductions for tax positions of prior years (including impacts due to a lapse of statute) | | | (408) | | | (922) | | | (1,686) | Settlements | | | (19) | | | (286) | | | (181) | Balance at December 31 | | $ | 8,568 | | $ | 7,146 | | $ | 6,759 | | | | | | | | | | |
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