Taxes (Tables)
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12 Months Ended |
Dec. 31, 2019 |
| Taxes |
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| Income before income taxes |
| | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | For the year ended December 31: | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | Income from continuing operations before income taxes | | | | | | | | | | U.S. operations | | $ | (315) | | $ | 627 | | $ | 560 | Non-U.S. operations | | | 10,481 | | | 10,715 | | | 10,840 | Total income from continuing operations before income taxes | | $ | 10,166 | | $ | 11,342 | | $ | 11,400 |
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| Components of the provision for income taxes by geographic operations and taxing jurisdiction |
| | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | For the year ended December 31: | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | U.S. operations | | $ | (408) | | $ | 1,199 | | $ | 2,923 | Non-U.S. operations | | | 1,139 | | | 1,420 | | | 2,719 | Total continuing operations provision for income taxes | | $ | 731 | | $ | 2,619 | | $ | 5,642 |
| | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | For the year ended December 31: | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | U.S. federal | | | | | | | | | | Current | | $ | 331 | | $ | (342) | | $ | 2,388 | Deferred | | | (839) | | | 1,377 | | | 77 | | | $ | (508) | | $ | 1,035 | | $ | 2,465 | U.S. state and local | | | | | | | | | | Current | | $ | (85) | | $ | 127 | | $ | 55 | Deferred | | | (82) | | | (292) | | | 28 | | | $ | (167) | | $ | (165) | | $ | 83 | Non-U.S. | | | | | | | | | | Current | | $ | 1,829 | | $ | 2,135 | | $ | 3,891 | Deferred | | | (423) | | | (386) | | | (797) | | | $ | 1,406 | | $ | 1,749 | | $ | 3,094 | Total continuing operations provision for income taxes | | $ | 731 | | $ | 2,619 | | $ | 5,642 | Discontinued operations provision for/(benefit from) income taxes | | | (1) | | | 2 | | | (3) | Provision for social security, real estate, personal property and other taxes | | | 3,304 | | | 3,322 | | | 3,434 | Total taxes included in net income | | $ | 4,034 | | $ | 5,943 | | $ | 9,073 |
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| Effective income tax rate reconciliation |
| | | | | | | | For the year ended December 31: | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | | Statutory rate | | 21 | % | 21 | % | 35 | % | Enactment of U.S. tax reform | | 1 | | 18 | | 48 | | Tax differential on foreign income | | (11) | | (9) | * | (26) | | Intra-entity transfers | | 0 | | 0 | | (5) | | Domestic incentives | | (2) | | (3) | * | (2) | | State and local | | (1) | | (1) | | 1 | | Other | | (1) | | (3) | | (2) | | Effective rate | | 7 | % | 23 | % | 49 | % |
* Reclassified to conform to 2019 presentation. Percentages rounded for disclosure purposes.
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| Components of deferred tax assets and liabilities |
Deferred Tax Assets | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | At December 31: | | 2019 | | 2018 | | Retirement benefits | | $ | 3,766 | | $ | 3,620 | | Leases* | | | 1,729 | | | 103 | ** | Share-based and other compensation | | | 637 | | | 636 | | Domestic tax loss/credit carryforwards | | | 1,259 | | | 964 | | Deferred income | | | 600 | | | 674 | | Foreign tax loss/credit carryforwards | | | 836 | | | 903 | | Bad debt, inventory and warranty reserves | | | 298 | | | 348 | | Depreciation | | | 253 | | | 231 | | Accruals | | | 368 | | | 336 | | Intangible assets | | | 592 | | | 620 | | Capitalized research and development | | | 722 | | | — | | Other | | | 1,438 | | | 1,398 | | Gross deferred tax assets | | | 12,498 | | | 9,833 | | Less: valuation allowance | | | 608 | | | 915 | | Net deferred tax assets | | $ | 11,890 | | $ | 8,918 | |
Deferred Tax Liabilities | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | At December 31: | | 2019 | | 2018 | | Goodwill and intangible assets+ | | $ | 3,111 | | $ | 1,200 | | GILTI deferred taxes | | | 1,908 | | | 1,927 | | Leases and right-of-use assets* | | | 2,216 | | | 580 | | Depreciation | | | 728 | | | 719 | | Retirement benefits | | | 1,002 | | | 455 | | Software development costs+ | | | 1,075 | | | 292 | | Deferred transition costs | | | 233 | | | 233 | | Undistributed foreign earnings | | | 725 | | | 981 | | Other | | | 940 | | | 1,011 | | Gross deferred tax liabilities | | $ | 11,938 | | $ | 7,398 | |
* Reflects the adoption of the FASB guidance on leases. ** Previously included in Other. + The increase in the balance was primarily due to the acquisition of Red Hat.
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| Reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits |
| | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | 2019 | | 2018 | | 2017 | Balance at January 1 | | $ | 6,759 | | $ | 7,031 | | $ | 3,740 | Additions based on tax positions related to the current year | | | 816 | | | 394 | | | 3,029 | Additions for tax positions of prior years | | | 779 | | | 1,201 | | | 803 | Reductions for tax positions of prior years (including impacts due to a lapse of statute) | | | (922) | | | (1,686) | | | (367) | Settlements | | | (286) | | | (181) | | | (174) | Balance at December 31 | | $ | 7,146 | | $ | 6,759 | | $ | 7,031 |
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