
	At March 31, 2026
($ in millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount (1)
Intangible asset class:
Capitalized software	$	1,419	$	(455)	$	963
Client relationships	13,352		(5,878)		7,474
Completed technology	8,953		(4,302)		4,651
Patents/trademarks	2,143		(698)		1,445
Other (2)	139		(49)		90
Total	$	26,006	$	(11,382)	$	14,624


	At December 31, 2025
($ in millions)	Gross Carrying Amount		Accumulated Amortization		Net Carrying Amount (1)
Intangible asset class:
Capitalized software	$	1,388	$	(424)	$	964
Client relationships	11,261		(5,602)		5,659
Completed technology	7,399		(4,096)		3,304
Patents/trademarks	2,030		(665)		1,365
Other (2)	139		(40)		99
Total	$	22,218	$	(10,827)	$	11,391

(1)Amounts at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 include a decrease in the net intangible asset balance of $24 million and an increase in the net intangible asset balance of $182 million, respectively, due to foreign currency translation.

(2)Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and non-proprietary technology licenses, data, business processes, methodologies and systems.

The net carrying amount of intangible assets increased $3,232 million during the first three months of 2026, primarily due to additions of acquired intangibles from Confluent of $3,834 million in the first quarter of 2026 and additions of capitalized software, partially offset by intangible asset amortization. The aggregate intangible asset amortization expense was $719 million and $641 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. During the three months ended March 31, 2026, the company retired $119 million of fully amortized intangible assets, impacting both the gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization by this amount.

The future amortization expense relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet was estimated to be the following at March 31, 2026:


($ in millions)	Capitalized Software		Acquired Intangibles		Total
Remainder of 2026	$	389	$	2,035	$	2,424
2027	377		2,668		3,046
2028	186		2,363		2,549
2029	11		1,680		1,691
2030	—		1,240		1,240
Thereafter	—		3,674		3,674

The changes in the goodwill balances by segment for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and for the year ended December 31, 2025 were as follows:


($ in millions)	Balance		Goodwill Additions		Purchase Price Adjustments				Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments (1)		Balance
Segment	1/1/2026						Divestitures				3/31/2026
Software	$	52,987	$	7,136	$	1	$	—	$	(175)	$	59,950
Consulting	10,341		89		(18)		—		(36)		10,376
Infrastructure	4,389		—		1		—		(6)		4,383
Other	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	67,717	$	7,225	$	(17)	$	—	$	(217)	$	74,709


($ in millions)	Balance		Goodwill Additions		Purchase Price Adjustments				Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments (1)		Balance
Segment	1/1/2025						Divestitures				12/31/2025
Software	$	47,136	$	5,004	$	(8)	$	—	$	855	$	52,987
Consulting	9,206		908		10		—		217		10,341
Infrastructure	4,363		—		0		0		26		4,389
Other	—		—		—		—		—		—
Total	$	60,706	$	5,912	$	1	$	0	$	1,098	$	67,717

Goodwill additions recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2026 were driven by the acquisition of Confluent. Refer to note 5, “Acquisitions & Divestitures,” for additional information.

There were no goodwill impairment losses recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2026 or the year ended December 31, 2025 and the company has no accumulated impairment losses. Purchase price adjustments recorded during the three months ended March 31, 2026 and the year ended December 31, 2025 were related to acquisitions that were still subject to the measurement period that ends at the earlier of 12 months from the acquisition date or when information becomes available. Net purchase price adjustments recorded in the three months ended March 31, 2026 and the year ended December 31, 2025 were not material.