| Intangible asset balances by major asset class |
The following tables present the company’s intangible asset balances by major asset class. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | | At December 31, 2025: | | Gross Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount (1) | | Intangible asset class | | | | | | | | Capitalized software | | $ | 1,388 | | | $ | (424) | | | $ | 964 | | | Client relationships | | 11,261 | | | (5,602) | | | 5,659 | | | Completed technology | | 7,399 | | | (4,096) | | | 3,304 | | | Patents/trademarks | | 2,030 | | | (665) | | | 1,365 | | Other (2) | | 139 | | | (40) | | | 99 | | | Total | | $ | 22,218 | | | $ | (10,827) | | | $ | 11,391 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | | At December 31, 2024: | | Gross Carrying
Amount | | Accumulated
Amortization | | Net Carrying Amount (1) | | Intangible asset class | | | | | | | | Capitalized software | | $ | 1,282 | | | $ | (492) | | | $ | 790 | | | Client relationships | | 9,704 | | | (4,387) | | | 5,317 | | | Completed technology | | 6,297 | | | (3,164) | | | 3,132 | | | Patents/trademarks | | 1,826 | | | (519) | | | 1,307 | | Other (2) | | 138 | | | (24) | | | 114 | | | Total | | $ | 19,247 | | | $ | (8,587) | | | $ | 10,660 | |
(1)Amounts at December 31, 2025 and 2024 include an increase in the net intangible asset balance of $182 million and a decrease in the net intangible asset balance of $126 million, respectively, due to foreign currency translation. (2)Other intangibles are primarily acquired proprietary and nonproprietary technology licenses, data, business processes, methodologies and systems.
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| Intangible assets, future amortization expense |
The future amortization expense relating to intangible assets currently recorded in the Consolidated Balance Sheet is estimated to be the following at December 31, 2025: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | Capitalized
Software | | Acquired
Intangibles | | Total | | 2026 | | $ | 490 | | | $ | 2,283 | | | $ | 2,773 | | | 2027 | | 333 | | | 2,245 | | | 2,578 | | | 2028 | | 141 | | | 1,939 | | | 2,081 | | | 2029 | | 0 | | | 1,254 | | | 1,254 | | | 2030 | | — | | | 812 | | | 812 | | | Thereafter | | — | | | 1,894 | | | 1,894 | |
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| Changes in goodwill balances by reportable segment |
The changes in the goodwill balances by reportable segment for the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 are as follows: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Segment | | Balance at January 1, 2025 | | Goodwill
Additions | | Purchase
Price
Adjustments | | Divestitures | | Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments (1) | | Balance at December 31, 2025 | | Software | | $ | 47,136 | | | $ | 5,004 | | | $ | (8) | | | $ | — | | | $ | 855 | | | $ | 52,987 | | | Consulting | | 9,206 | | | 908 | | | 10 | | | — | | | 217 | | | 10,341 | | | Infrastructure | | 4,363 | | | — | | | 0 | | | 0 | | | 26 | | | 4,389 | | | Other | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | — | | | Total | | $ | 60,706 | | | $ | 5,912 | | | $ | 1 | | | $ | 0 | | | $ | 1,098 | | | $ | 67,717 | |
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | ($ in millions) | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Segment | | Balance at January 1, 2024 | | Goodwill
Additions | | Purchase
Price
Adjustments | | Divestitures | | Foreign Currency Translation and Other Adjustments (1) | | Balance at December 31, 2024 | | Software | | $ | 46,447 | | | $ | 1,511 | | | $ | (51) | | | $ | — | | | $ | (770) | | | $ | 47,136 | | | Consulting | | 8,883 | | | 469 | | | (3) | | | (1) | | | (142) | | | 9,206 | | | Infrastructure | | 4,384 | | | 8 | | | (1) | | | — | | | (28) | | | 4,363 | | Other (2) | | 464 | | | — | | | — | | | (464) | | | — | | | — | | | Total | | $ | 60,178 | | | $ | 1,987 | | | $ | (55) | | | $ | (465) | | | $ | (940) | | | $ | 60,706 | |
(1)Primarily driven by foreign currency translation. (2)In the first quarter of 2024, the company derecognized goodwill related to the divestiture of The Weather Company assets. Refer to note E, "Acquisitions & Divestitures," for additional information.
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