3. INVESTMENT SECURITIES

Substantially all of our investment securities are classified as available-for-sale. These comprise mainly investment grade debt securities supporting obligations to annuitants, policyholders and holders of guaranteed investment contracts (GICs) in our run-off insurance operations and Trinity, and investments held in our CLL business collateralized by senior secured loans of high-quality, middle-market companies in a variety of industries. We do not have any securities classified as held-to-maturity.

• Substantially collateralized by U.S. mortgages. Of our total RMBS portfolio at June 30, 2013, $1,346 million relates to securities issued by government-sponsored entities and $770 million relates to securities of private label issuers. Securities issued by private label issuers are collateralized primarily by pools of individual direct mortgage loans of financial institutions.

The fair value of investment securities decreased to $43,661 million at June 30, 2013, from $48,439 million at December 31, 2012, primarily due to the sale of U.S. government and federal agency securities at our treasury operations and the impact of higher interest rates.

The following tables present the estimated fair values and gross unrealized losses of our available-for-sale investment securities.

• Includes gross unrealized losses at June 30, 2013 of $(145) million related to securities that had other-than-temporary impairments previously recognized.

We regularly review investment securities for impairment using both qualitative and quantitative criteria. We presently do not intend to sell the vast majority of our debt securities that are in an unrealized loss position and believe that it is not more likely than not that we will be required to sell these securities before recovery of our amortized cost. We believe that the unrealized loss associated with our equity securities will be recovered within the foreseeable future. The methodologies and significant inputs used to measure the amount of credit loss for our investment securities during the six months ended June 30, 2013 have not changed from those described in Note 3 in our 2012 consolidated financial statements.

During the three months ended June 30, 2013, we recognized pre-tax, other-than-temporary impairments of $152 million, of which $133 million was recorded through earnings, of which $96 million related to the impairment of an investment in a Brazilian company that was fully offset by the benefit of a guarantee provided by GE, and $19 million was recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) (AOCI). At April 1, 2013, cumulative impairments recognized in earnings associated with debt securities still held were $694 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2013, we recognized first-time impairments of $122 million and incremental charges on previously impaired securities of $7 million. These amounts included $46 million related to securities that were subsequently sold.

During the three months ended June 30, 2012, we recognized pre-tax, other-than-temporary impairments of $33 million, of which $32 million was recorded through earnings ($16 million relates to equity securities) and $1 million was recorded in AOCI. At April 1, 2012, cumulative impairments recognized in earnings associated with debt securities still held were $434 million. During the three months ended June 30, 2012, we recognized first-time impairments of $3 million and incremental charges on previously impaired securities of $6 million. These amounts included $33 million related to securities that were subsequently sold.

During the six months ended June 30, 2013, we recognized pre-tax, other-than-temporary impairments of $441 million, of which $411 million was recorded through earnings ($1 million relates to equity securities), of which $96 million related to the impairment of an investment in a Brazilian company that was fully offset by the benefit of a guarantee provided by GE, and $30 million was recorded in AOCI. At January 1, 2013, cumulative impairments recognized in earnings associated with debt securities still held were $420 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2013, we recognized first-time impairments of $385 million and incremental charges on previously impaired securities of $19 million. These amounts included $47 million related to securities that were subsequently sold.

During the six months ended June 30, 2012, we recognized pre-tax, other-than-temporary impairments of $65 million, of which $64 million was recorded through earnings ($23 million relates to equity securities) and $1 million was recorded in AOCI. At January 1, 2012, cumulative impairments recognized in earnings associated with debt securities still held were $558 million. During the six months ended June 30, 2012, we recognized first-time impairments of $10 million and incremental charges on previously impaired securities of $11 million. These amounts included $169 million related to securities that were subsequently sold.

Contractual Maturities of Investment in Available-for-Sale Debt Securities (Excluding Mortgage-Backed and Asset-Backed Securities)

We expect actual maturities to differ from contractual maturities because borrowers have the right to call or prepay certain obligations.

Supplemental information about gross realized gains and losses on available-for-sale investment securities follows.

Although we generally do not have the intent to sell any specific securities at the end of the period, in the ordinary course of managing our investment securities portfolio, we may sell securities prior to their maturities for a variety of reasons, including diversification, credit quality, yield and liquidity requirements and the funding of claims and obligations to policyholders. In some of our bank subsidiaries, we maintain a certain level of purchases and sales volume principally of non-U.S. government debt securities. In these situations, fair value approximates carrying value for these securities.

Proceeds from investment securities sales and early redemptions by issuers totaled $4,296 million and $2,742 million in the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $7,084 million and $6,504 million in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, principally from the sales of short-term securities in our bank subsidiaries and treasury operations.

We recognized pre-tax gains (losses) on trading securities of $5 million and $13 million in the three months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively, and $41 million and $36 million in the six months ended June 30, 2013 and 2012, respectively.