v3.3.1.900
Miscellaneous Financial Information (Narrative) (Details) - USD ($)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2015
Dec. 31, 2014
Dec. 31, 2013
Miscellaneous Financial Information [Abstract]      
Research and development expense $ 1,008,000,000 $ 971,000,000 $ 1,044,000,000
Foreign currency transaction gain/(loss), before tax (119,000,000) (225,000,000) 155,000,000
Gains/(losses) on combined effects of LIFO inventory accumulations and draw-downs (186,000,000) 187,000,000 $ 282,000,000
Replacement cost of inventories estimated to exceed LIFO carrying values $ 4,500,000,000 $ 10,600,000,000