v3.25.4
Income taxes - Deferred income tax assets and liabilities (Details) - USD ($)
$ in Millions
Dec. 31, 2025
Dec. 31, 2024
Assets:    
Noncurrent deferred and refundable income taxes $ 2,757 $ 3,191
Liabilities:    
Other liabilities 494 432
Deferred income taxes—net 2,263 2,759
Deferred income tax assets:    
Research expenditures 1,399 1,735
Tax carryforwards 1,298 1,346
Employee compensation and benefits 607 531
Postemployment benefits 425 560
Post sale discounts 303 260
Warranty reserves 287 303
Other—net 579 622
Deferred income tax assets, total 4,898 5,357
Deferred income tax liabilities:    
Capital and intangible assets, including lease basis differences (1,366) (1,270)
Outside basis differences (429) (454)
Deferred income tax liabilities, total (1,795) (1,724)
Valuation allowance for deferred tax assets (840) (874)
Deferred income taxes—net $ 2,263 $ 2,759